12->手动创建数据库

Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID) [指定SID]

假如这里 我们名字为 hello 

linux 下 执行命令 ：

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

touch setenv.sh

vi命令 输入以下内容

ORACLE_SID=hello
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH

执行 . ./setenv.sh 

Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set

查看sid是否修改为hello

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ env | grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=hello
ORACLE_BASE=/u01
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/database

Step 3: Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method

我们这里使用 系统验证 但仍需要创建一个 password文件

通过命令 orapwd file=orapwhello password=liaomin entries=10; 在dbs目录下 创建 orapwd[SID]密码文件

Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File

这里我们拷贝一个通过dbca创建的spfile文件 我这里通过命令 

create pfile='inithello.ora' from spfile='spfileorcl.ora'

内容基本如下

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ vi inithello.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=318767104
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=318767104
orcl.__sga_target=473956352
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=138412032
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=792723456
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

标红的目录我们都必须要手工去创建 并且替换我们对应的库的目录 不然覆盖orcl就不好了

我们修改后

hello.__db_cache_size=318767104
hello.__java_pool_size=4194304
hello.__large_pool_size=4194304
hello.__oracle_base='/u01'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
hello.__pga_aggregate_target=318767104
hello.__sga_target=473956352
hello.__shared_io_pool_size=0
hello.__shared_pool_size=138412032
hello.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/admin/hello/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/hello/control01.ctl','/u01/flash_recovery_area1/hello/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='hello'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/flash_recovery_area1'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=792723456
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

开始执行命令创建目录

cd /u01/admin/

cp -r orcl hello 

依次 通过 rm -r * 清除类似udum bdump文件夹下的文件

执行 cd /u01/oradata | mkdir hello;

执行 cd /u01 | mkdirflash_recovery_area1;

执行 cd /u01/flash_recovery_area1 | mkdir hello

将上面修改后的参数内容 写入 $ORACLE/dbs/inithello.ora

执行create spfile='spfileorcl.ora' from pfile='inithello.ora'

Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance

省略 centos

Step 6: Connect to the Instance

首先执行 cd $ORALCE_HOME/dbs

. ./setenv.sh

env | grep ORA 查看 sid是否修改为hello

$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA

Step 7: Create a Server Parameter File

第4部已完成

Step 8: Start the Instance

STARTUP NOMOUNT

Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement

执行 create database命令

CREATE DATABASE hello
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY liaomin
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY liaomin
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/hello/redo01a.log','/u01/oradata/hello/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/hello/redo02a.log','/u01/oradata/hello/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/hello/redo03a.log','/u01/oradata/hello/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/hello/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/hello/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/hello/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/hello/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
      DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/hello/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

这里在dbs目录下创建 create.sql 内容为

spool /u01/create.log

上面的create database 语句

spool off

如果这里 

UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 和 spfile的*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' 名称不一致 将报错 

 再次确认env中 sid为hello sqlplus 连接

连接到nomount状态后 

执行 @?/dbs/create.sql 执行等待 

如果执行失败 需要删除 创建那些目录下的文件  改正错误后 重新 执行 create。sql文件

执行 完成 提示 create success

执行命令 

alter database mount;

alter database open;

SQL> select * from dual;

D
-
X

1 row selected.

Step 10: Create Additional Tablespaces

open状态下 执行

CREATE TABLESPACE hello_tbs LOGGING 
     DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/hello/apps01.dbf' 
     SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 
     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

Step 11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views

open状态下 执行 下面sql语句

In SQL*Plus, connect to your Oracle Database instance with the SYSDBA administrative privilege:

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

In SQL*Plus, connect to your Oracle Database instance as SYSTEM user:

@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

测试数据库是否启动 

SQL> 1 row selected.
SQL> create table test(id number,text varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into test values(1,'aaa');                   
1 row created.
SQL> select * from test;
        ID TEXT
---------- --------------------
         1 aaa
1 row selected.

成功

如果想从新创建的数据库hello 切换回 以前的数据库 orcl

执行命了 

shutdown immediate 

su - oracle  --这里默认执行oracle目录下的.bash_profile 会自动设置环境变量到 orcl

此时从新 启动后 

SQL> show parameter db_name;


NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string      orcl
SQL> select * from test;
select * from test
              *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

没有test说明不是hello库