• Java之浅拷贝与深拷贝


    ----?浅拷贝

    --- 概念

       被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。简单说,浅拷贝就是只复制所考虑的对象,而不复制它所引用的对象

    --- 实现方式

      继承自java.lang.Object类的Cloneable接口,实现clone()方法

    --- 举个栗子

    package com.xxg;
    
    //浅拷贝
    public class ShallowCopy {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
            Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
            teacher.setName("Delacey");
            teacher.setAge(29);
            
            Student student1 = new Student();
            student1.setName("Dream");
            student1.setAge(18);
            student1.setTeacher(teacher);
            
            Student student2 = (Student) student1.clone();
            System.out.println("拷贝后");
            System.out.println("student2: "+student2.getName());
            System.out.println("student2: "+student2.getAge());
            student1.setAge(20);
            System.out.println("属性值修改后");
            System.out.println("student1: "+student1.getAge());
            System.out.println("student2: "+student2.getAge());
            System.out.println("student2.teacher_name: "+student2.getTeacher().getName());
            System.out.println("student2.teacher_age: "+student2.getTeacher().getAge());
            System.out.println("修改老师的信息后-------------");
            
           // 修改老师的信息
            teacher.setName("Jam");
            System.out.println("student1: "+student1.getTeacher().getName());
            System.out.println("student2: "+student2.getTeacher().getName());
        }
    }
    
    class Teacher implements Cloneable{
        private String name;
        private int age;
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        @Override
        protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
            
            return super.clone();
        }   
    }
    
    class Student implements Cloneable{
        
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private Teacher teacher;
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        public Teacher getTeacher() {
            return teacher;
        }
        public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
            this.teacher = teacher;
        }
        @Override
        protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            return super.clone();
        }
        
    }
    View Code

    --- 结果

    --- 内存图

     ----?深拷贝

    --- 概念

        深拷贝是一个整个独立的对象拷贝,深拷贝会拷贝所有的属性,并拷贝属性指向的动态分配的内存。当对象和它所引用的对象一起拷贝时即发生深拷贝。深拷贝相比于浅拷贝速度较慢并且花销较大。简而言之,深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。

    --- 实现方式

      一种是通过继承java.lang.Object类的Cloneable接口,重写clone方法;另外一种是通过实现对象序列化的方式,使对象实现Serializable接口,然后把对象(实际上只是对象的一个拷贝,原先的对象依然在JVM里面)写到一个流里,再从流里读出来,便可以重建对象。

    --- 举个栗子

    CloneTest2 深复制
    
    public class CloneTest2
    {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
        {
            Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
            teacher.setName("Teacher Zhang");
            teacher.setAge(40);
    
            Student2 student1 = new Student2();
            student1.setName("ZhangSan");
            student1.setAge(20);
            student1.setTeacher(teacher);
    
            Student2 student2 = (Student2) student1.clone();
            System.out.println("拷贝得到的信息");
            System.out.println(student2.getName());
            System.out.println(student2.getAge());
            System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
            System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getAge());
            System.out.println("-------------");
    
            // 修改老师的信息
            teacher.setName("Teacher Zhang has changed");
            System.out.println(student1.getTeacher().getName());
            System.out.println(student2.getTeacher().getName());
    
            // 两个引用student1和student2指向不同的两个对象
            // 但是两个引用student1和student2中的两个teacher引用指向的是同一个对象
            // 所以说明是浅拷贝
    
            // 改为深复制之后,对teacher对象的修改只能影响第一个对象
        }
    }
    
    class Teacher implements Cloneable
    {
        private String name;
        private int age;
    
        public String getName()
        {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge()
        {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age)
        {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
        {
            return super.clone();
        }
    
    }
    
    class Student2 implements Cloneable
    {
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private Teacher teacher;
    
        public String getName()
        {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge()
        {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age)
        {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public Teacher getTeacher()
        {
            return teacher;
        }
    
        public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher)
        {
            this.teacher = teacher;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
        {
            // 浅复制时:
            // Object object = super.clone();
            // return object;
    
            // 改为深复制:
            Student2 student = (Student2) super.clone();
            // 本来是浅复制,现在将Teacher对象复制一份并重新set进来
            student.setTeacher((Teacher) student.getTeacher().clone());
            return student;
        }
    
    }
    View Code

    --- 结果

    拷贝得到的信息
    ZhangSan
    20
    Teacher Zhang
    40
    -------------
    Teacher Zhang has changed
    Teacher Zhang

    --- 内存图

     

    --- 举个栗子(序列化实现)

    package com.xxg;
    
    import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    //序列化实现深拷贝
    public class DeepCopyServiable {
    
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
         Teacher3 t = new Teacher3();
         t.setName("Teacher Wang");
         t.setAge(50);
    
         Student3 s1 = new Student3();
         s1.setAge(20);
         s1.setName("ZhangSan");
         s1.setTeacher(t);
    
         Student3 s2 = (Student3) s1.deepClone();
    
         System.out.println("拷贝得到的信息:");
         System.out.println(s2.getName());
         System.out.println(s2.getAge());
         System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
         System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getAge());
         System.out.println("---------------------------");
    
         // 将复制后的对象的老师信息修改一下:
         s2.getTeacher().setName("New Teacher Wang");
         s2.getTeacher().setAge(28);
    
         System.out.println("修改了拷贝对象的教师后:");
         System.out.println("拷贝对象的教师:");
         System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getName());
         System.out.println(s2.getTeacher().getAge());
         System.out.println("原来对象的教师:");
         System.out.println(s1.getTeacher().getName());
         System.out.println(s1.getTeacher().getAge());
    }
    
    }
    class Teacher3 implements Serializable
    {
        private String name;
        private int age;
    
        public String getName()
        {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge()
        {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age)
        {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
    }
    
    class Student3 implements Serializable
    {
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private Teacher3 teacher;
    
        public String getName()
        {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public int getAge()
        {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age)
        {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public Teacher3 getTeacher()
        {
            return teacher;
        }
    
        public void setTeacher(Teacher3 teacher)
        {
            this.teacher = teacher;
        }
    
        public Object deepClone() throws Exception
        {
            // 序列化
            ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
    
            oos.writeObject(this);
    
            // 反序列化
            ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
    
            return ois.readObject();
        }
    
    }
    View Code

    --- 结果

    ----?其他

    ?clone方法是Object的方法,为什么还要实现cloneable接口?

      Cloneable接口是不包含任何方法的具体实现,仅仅作为一个识别标志,而且这个标志也仅仅是针对 Object类中clone()方法的,但是如果没有实现该接口,Object的clone()方法就会抛出ClassNotSupportedException异常

    ?为什么实现Serializable接口,同时需要一个serialVersionUID

      当一个类被序列化时,并且没有定义字段serialVersionUID,编译器eclipse会提示如下

     

    在Eclipse中有两种生成方式:

      一个是默认的1L;

      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

      一个是根据类名、接口名、成员方法及属性等来生成一个64位的哈希字段,比如:

      private static final long serialVersionUID = -932183802511122207L;

      如果你没有考虑到兼容性的问题,就把它关掉,不过有这个功能是好的,只要任何类别实现了Serializable接口,如果没有加入serialVersionUID,Eclipse都会给你提示,这个serialVersionUID为了让该类别Serializable向后兼容。

      如果你的对象序列化后存到硬盘上面后,你却更改了类的field(增加或减少或改名),当你反序列化时,就会出现异常,这样就会造成不兼容性的问题。

      但当serialVersionUID相同时,它就会将不一样的field以type的缺省值Deserialize,这个可以避开不兼容性的问题。

    参考资料:

        java如果clone为什么要必须实现Cloneable接口? 

       【Java深入】深拷贝与浅拷贝详解

      Java 深拷贝和浅拷贝 利用序列化实现深拷贝

  • 相关阅读:
    第61课 智能指针类模板
    第60课 数组类模板
    第59课 类模板深度剖析
    第58课 类模板的概念和意义
    第57课 深入理解函数模板
    第56课 函数模板的概念和意义
    第55课 经典问题解析(四)
    155. Min Stack
    141. Linked List Cycle
    136. Single Number
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liangyueyuan/p/9987464.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知