• CentOS 8.2使用pgAdmin安装PostgreSQL 13.1


    PostgreSQL是最高级的RDBMS,而pgAdmin是Postgres的Web UI。在这里,您将看到如何在CentOS 8上使用pgAdmin安装PostgreSQL。

    什么是PostgreSQL?


    PostgreSQL(也称为Postgres)是一个免费的开源关系数据库管理系统(RDBMS),强调可扩展性和SQL遵从性。PostgreSQL最初被命名为POSTGRES,指的是Ingres数据库的后继者。在1996年,该项目被更名为PostgreSQL,以反映其对SQL的支持。

    PostgreSQL的事务具有原子性,一致性,隔离性,耐久性(ACID)属性,自动可更新视图,实例化视图,触发器,外键和存储过程。它旨在处理各种工作负载,从单台机器到具有多个并发用户的数据仓库或Web服务。它是macOS Server的默认数据库,也可用于Linux,FreeBSD,OpenBSD和Windows。(来源:维基百科

    PostgreSQL是一个免费软件,并根据PostgreSQL许可证发行(免费和开放源代码,允许)

    什么是pgAdmin?


    pgAdmin是用于Postgres数据库服务器的免费开放源代码图形用户界面(GUI)管理工具。

    pgAdmin在桌面和Web界面中可用。pgAdmin是PostgreSQL的其他管理工具中功能丰富且最受欢迎的功能。

    就像PostgreSQL一样,pgAdmin也是一个免费软件。它也根据PostgreSQL许可证分发。

    环境规格:


    • CPU :3.4 GHz(2核)
    • 内存:2 GB
    • 储存空间:20 GB
    • 作业系统:CentOS 8.2
    • 主机名:postgres.lianglab.cn
    • IP地址:192.168.6.160/24

    第一步:更新Linux服务器软件包


    使用SSH客户端并登录到postgres.lianglab.cn作为用户。

    使用dnf命令更新Linux服务器软件包。

    [root@postgres ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname postgres.lianglab.cn
    [root@postgres ~]#dnf update -y
    Dependencies resolved.
    Nothing to do.
    Complete!
    

    我们的Linux操作系统已经是最新的。

    检查Linux操作系统和内核版本。

    [root@postgres ~]# uname -r
    4.18.0-193.28.1.el8_2.x86_64
    [root@postgres ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
    CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)
    

    第二步:安装Postgres官方Yum存储库


    尽管Linux yum存储库中提供了Postgres数据库服务器,但是要安装最新版本,我们必须在Linux服务器中添加PostgreSQL官方yum存储库。

    [root@postgres ~]# dnf install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
    Last metadata expiration check: 1:47:55 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 07:50:22 PM CST.
    pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm                           15 kB/s |  11 kB     00:00    
    Dependencies resolved.
    ============================================================================================
     Package                    Architecture     Version           Repository              Size
    ============================================================================================
    Installing:
     pgdg-redhat-repo           noarch           42.0-14           @commandline            11 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ============================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total size: 11 k
    Installed size: 11 k
    Downloading Packages:
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                    1/1 
      Installing       : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch                                    1/1 
      Verifying        : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch                                    1/1 
    Installed products updated.
    
    Installed:
      pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch                                                           
    
    Complete!
    
    

    通过执行以下命令,在标准yum存储库中禁用PostgreSQL模块。

    [root@postgres ~]# dnf list postgresql
    PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64           191 kB/s | 511 kB     00:02    
    PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64                    9.2 kB/s | 196 kB     00:21    
    PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64                    8.0 kB/s | 418 kB     00:52    
    PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64                     18 kB/s | 608 kB     00:34    
    PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64                    135 kB/s | 411 kB     00:03    
    PostgreSQL 9.6 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64                   3.1 kB/s | 400 kB     02:09    
    PostgreSQL 9.5 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64                   4.4 kB/s | 356 kB     01:20    
    Available Packages
    postgresql.x86_64               10.14-1.module_el8.2.0+487+53cc39ce                AppStream
    [root@postgres ~]# 
    [root@postgres ~]# dnf -qy module disable postgresql
    [root@postgres ~]# dnf list postgresql
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:10:17 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 09:45:13 PM CST.
    Error: No matching Packages to list
    

    第三步:CentOS 8上安装Postgres数据库服务器


    【1】使用dnf命令在Linux服务器上安装Postgres数据库服务器13(在撰写本文时为最新)。

    [root@postgres ~]# dnf install -y postgresql13-server
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:11:15 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 09:45:13 PM CST.
    Dependencies resolved.
    ============================================================================================
     Package                     Architecture   Version                    Repository      Size
    ============================================================================================
    Installing:
     postgresql13-server         x86_64         13.1-1PGDG.rhel8           pgdg13         5.6 M
    Installing dependencies:
     postgresql13                x86_64         13.1-1PGDG.rhel8           pgdg13         1.4 M
     postgresql13-libs           x86_64         13.1-1PGDG.rhel8           pgdg13         410 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ============================================================================================
    Install  3 Packages
    
    Total download size: 7.4 M
    Installed size: 31 M
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/3): postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm        9.1 kB/s | 410 kB     00:45    
    (2/3): postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm             9.6 kB/s | 1.4 MB     02:27    
    (3/3): postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm      5.3 kB/s | 5.6 MB     17:46    
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                       7.1 kB/s | 7.4 MB     17:46     
    warning: /var/cache/dnf/pgdg13-e81daebfc8b779ec/packages/postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
    PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64                    1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB     00:00    
    Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
     Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsqlrpms-hackers@pgfoundry.org>"
     Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
     From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
    Key imported successfully
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                    1/1 
      Installing       : postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                          1/3 
      Running scriptlet: postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                          1/3 
      Installing       : postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                               2/3 
      Running scriptlet: postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                               2/3 
      Running scriptlet: postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                        3/3 
      Installing       : postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                        3/3 
      Running scriptlet: postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                        3/3 
      Verifying        : postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                               1/3 
      Verifying        : postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                          2/3 
      Verifying        : postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64                        3/3 
    Installed products updated.
    
    Installed:
      postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64          postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64  
      postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64  
    
    Complete!
    

    【2】执行一次以下命令来初始化Postgres数据库。

    [root@postgres ~]# /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-setup initdb
    Initializing database ... OK
    
    

    【3】启用并启动Postgres数据库服务。

    [root@postgres ~]# systemctl enable --now postgresql-13
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-13.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service.
    

    【4】检查Postgres数据库服务的状态

    [root@postgres ~]# systemctl status postgresql-13.service
    ● postgresql-13.service - PostgreSQL 13 database server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service; enabled; vendor preset: d>
       Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-12-19 22:18:10 CST; 3min 55s ago
         Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/static/
      Process: 945378 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code>
     Main PID: 945384 (postmaster)
        Tasks: 8 (limit: 23840)
       Memory: 17.4M
       CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-13.service
               ├─945384 /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/
               ├─945385 postgres: logger 
               ├─945387 postgres: checkpointer 
               ├─945388 postgres: background writer 
               ├─945389 postgres: walwriter 
               ├─945390 postgres: autovacuum launcher 
               ├─945391 postgres: stats collector 
               └─945392 postgres: logical replication launcher 
    
    Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 13 database server...
    Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn postmaster[945384]: 2020-12-19 22:18:10.802 CST [94538>
    Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn postmaster[945384]: 2020-12-19 22:18:10.802 CST [94538>
    Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 13 database server.
    

    【5】检查Postgres数据库服务端口监听信息

    [root@postgres ~]# netstat -anptl| grep postmaster
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:5432          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      945384/postmaster   
    [root@postgres ~]# ss -anptl| grep postmaster
    LISTEN    0         244              127.0.0.1:5432             0.0.0.0:*        users:(("postmaster",pid=945384,fd=6))         
    

    【6】检查已安装的PostgreSQL服务器的版本。

    [root@postgres ~]# psql -V
    psql (PostgreSQL) 13.1
    

    【7】切换到postgres用户并连接到psql shell来设置管理员用户密码。

    [root@postgres ~]# su - postgres
    [postgres@postgres ~]$ psql 
    psql (13.1)
    Type "help" for help.
    
    postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'liang123';
    ALTER ROLE
    postgres=# q
    [postgres@postgres ~]$ exit
    logout
    

    第四步:配置Postgres数据库服务以进行网络访问


    PostgreSQL的默认服务端口是5432/tcp。执行以下命令以验证PostgreSQL服务正在侦听此端口。

    [root@postgres ~]# ss -tulpn | grep 5432
    tcp     LISTEN   0        244            127.0.0.1:5432           0.0.0.0:*      users:(("postmaster",pid=945384,fd=6))         
    

    您可能会注意到PostgreSQL服务最初仅在localhost接口上运行。但是,要使我们的Postgres数据库可用于网络客户端,必须将PostgreSQL配置为在所有(或某些特定)接口上运行。

    在vi文本编辑器中编辑PostgreSQL配置文件。

    [root@postgres ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf
    

    在其中搜索以下指令。

    # listen_addresses = 'localhost'
    

    并用以下指令替换它。

    listen_addresses = '*'
    
    [root@postgres ~]# cat /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf| grep listen_addresses
    #listen_addresses = 'localhost'		# what IP address(es) to listen on;
    [root@postgres ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf
    [root@postgres ~]# cat /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf| grep listen_addresses
    #listen_addresses = 'localhost'		# what IP address(es) to listen on;
    listen_addresses = '*'
    [root@postgres ~]# 
    
    

    现在,您的Postgres数据库服务已配置为在所有网络接口上进行侦听。

    允许192.168.6.0/24网络客户端访问pg_hba.conf文件中的PostgreSQL服务。

    [root@postgres ~]# echo "host all all 192.168.6.0/24 md5" >> /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf
    

    重新启动Postgres数据库服务以应用更改。

    [root@postgres ~]# systemctl restart postgresql-13.service
    

    再次使用ss命令检查网络服务。

    [root@postgres ~]# ss -tulpn | grep 5432
    tcp     LISTEN   0        244              0.0.0.0:5432           0.0.0.0:*      users:(("postmaster",pid=946059,fd=6))         
    tcp     LISTEN   0        244                 [::]:5432              [::]:*      users:(("postmaster",pid=946059,fd=7))              
    

    Postgres Service现在在所有网络接口上运行。

    第五步:Postgres数据库服务配置Linux防火墙


    在CentOS 8中,我们已经为PostgreSQL提供了防火墙服务,因此我们可以通过使用firewall-cmd命令来允许它

    [root@postgres ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=postgresql
    success
    [root@postgres ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
    success
    

    Postgres数据库服务器已安装在Linux服务器上。

    第六步:CentOS 8上安装pgAdmin Yum存储库


    pgAdmin是一个流行的Web界面,用于PostgreSQL数据库的数据库管理。

    在PostgreSQL官方yum存储库中也提供了pgAdmin。但这在我们的CentOS 8服务器没有作用的

    因此,我们正在从pgAdmin官方yum存储库中安装pgAdmin的最新稳定版本。

    首先需要从Linux服务器上删除PostgreSQL yum存储库。

    [root@postgres ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo | grep pgdg| wc -l
    33
    [root@postgres ~]# dnf remove -y pgdg-redhat-repo
    Dependencies resolved.
    ========================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                      Architecture                       Version                                Repository                                 Size
    ========================================================================================================================================================================
    Removing:
     pgdg-redhat-repo                             noarch                             42.0-14                                @@commandline                              11 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ========================================================================================================================================================================
    Remove  1 Package
    
    Freed space: 11 k
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                1/1 
      Erasing          : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch                                                                                                                1/1 
      Verifying        : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch                                                                                                                1/1 
    Installed products updated.
    
    Removed:
      pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch                                                                                                                                       
    
    Complete!
    [root@postgres ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo | grep pgdg| wc -l
    cat: /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo: No such file or directory    #####pgdg-redhat-all.repo文件已经被删除掉。
    0
    [root@postgres ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
    total 12
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1752 Sep 28 10:01 CentOS-Base.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1220 Sep 28 10:01 epel.repo
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root  200 Dec 18 23:12 mongodb-org-4.4.repo
    [root@postgres ~]# 
    
    

    在您的Linux操作系统中添加pgAdmin官方yum存储库。

    [root@postgres ~]# dnf install -y https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/yum/pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch.rpm
    Last metadata expiration check: 2:56:09 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 07:50:22 PM CST.
    pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch.rpm                                                                                                     3.0 kB/s | 6.6 kB     00:02    
    Dependencies resolved.
    ========================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                           Architecture                        Version                          Repository                                 Size
    ========================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     pgadmin4-redhat-repo                              noarch                              1-1                              @commandline                              6.6 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ========================================================================================================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total size: 6.6 k
    Installed size: 4.0 k
    Downloading Packages:
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                1/1 
      Installing       : pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch                                                                                                                1/1 
      Verifying        : pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch                                                                                                                1/1 
    Installed products updated.
    
    Installed:
      pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch                                                                                                                                       
    
    Complete!
    
    

    现在需要安装阿里云EPEL(Enterprise Linux的额外软件包) yum存储库,因为pgAdmin需要一些标准yum存储库中不可用的软件包。

    使用dnf命令并安装EPEL yum存储库。

    [root@postgres yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
    
    [root@postgres yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
    [root@postgres yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
    
    

    为新安装的yum存储库构建缓存。

    [root@postgres yum.repos.d]#  dnf makecache
    CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.tongdun.cn                        1.8 MB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
    CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.tongdun.cn                      811 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00    
    CentOS-8 - AppStream - mirrors.tongdun.cn                   2.7 MB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00    
    Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64       17 kB/s | 3.0 kB     00:00    
    Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64               37 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00    
    MongoDB Repository                                          1.6 kB/s | 2.5 kB     00:01    
    pgadmin4                                                    2.3 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:01    
    Metadata cache created.
    

    第七步:CentOS 8上安装pgAdmin Web UI


    已添加所有存储库。现在,您可以使用dnf命令安装pgAdmin 。

    [root@postgres tdops]# dnf install -y pgadmin4
    ...
    Installed:
      apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64
      apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
      apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
      apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
      avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64
      centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch
      cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64
      dejavu-fonts-common-2.35-6.el8.noarch
      dejavu-sans-fonts-2.35-6.el8.noarch
      fontconfig-2.13.1-3.el8.x86_64
      fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-22.el8.noarch
      glx-utils-8.4.0-4.20181118git1830dcb.el8.x86_64
      graphite2-1.3.10-10.el8.x86_64
      harfbuzz-1.7.5-3.el8.x86_64
      httpd-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae.x86_64
      httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae.noarch
      httpd-tools-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae.x86_64
      libICE-1.0.9-15.el8.x86_64
      libSM-1.2.3-1.el8.x86_64
      libX11-1.6.8-3.el8.x86_64
      libX11-common-1.6.8-3.el8.noarch
      libX11-xcb-1.6.8-3.el8.x86_64
      libXau-1.0.8-13.el8.x86_64
      libXdamage-1.1.4-14.el8.x86_64
      libXext-1.3.3-9.el8.x86_64
      libXfixes-5.0.3-7.el8.x86_64
      libXrender-0.9.10-7.el8.x86_64
      libXxf86vm-1.1.4-9.el8.x86_64
      libglvnd-1:1.2.0-6.el8.x86_64
      libglvnd-egl-1:1.2.0-6.el8.x86_64
      libglvnd-glx-1:1.2.0-6.el8.x86_64
      libjpeg-turbo-1.5.3-10.el8.x86_64
      libwayland-client-1.17.0-1.el8.x86_64
      libwayland-server-1.17.0-1.el8.x86_64
      libxcb-1.13.1-1.el8.x86_64
      libxshmfence-1.3-2.el8.x86_64
      mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch
      mesa-libEGL-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
      mesa-libGL-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
      mesa-libgbm-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
      mesa-libglapi-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
      mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.2.0+486+c01050f0.1.x86_64
      pcre2-utf16-10.32-1.el8.x86_64
      pgadmin4-4.28-1.el8.noarch
      pgadmin4-desktop-4.28-1.el8.x86_64
      pgadmin4-server-4.28-1.el8.x86_64
      pgadmin4-web-4.28-1.el8.noarch
      python3-mod_wsgi-4.6.4-4.el8.x86_64
      python3-pip-9.0.3-16.el8.noarch
      python3-setuptools-39.2.0-5.el8.noarch
      python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.1.0+245+c39af44f.x86_64
      qt5-qtbase-5.12.5-4.el8.x86_64
      qt5-qtbase-common-5.12.5-4.el8.noarch
      qt5-qtbase-gui-5.12.5-4.el8.x86_64
      xcb-util-0.4.0-10.el8.x86_64
      xcb-util-image-0.4.0-9.el8.x86_64
      xcb-util-keysyms-0.4.0-7.el8.x86_64
      xcb-util-renderutil-0.3.9-10.el8.x86_64
      xcb-util-wm-0.4.1-12.el8.x86_64
    
    Complete!
    

    要配置SELinux策略,pgAdmin设置脚本需要semanage命令,该命令在policycoreutils-python-utils软件包中提供。

    因此,您应该在执行pgAdmin安装脚本之前安装它。

    [root@postgres tdops]# dnf install -y policycoreutils-python-utils
    Dependencies resolved.
    ================================================================================
     Package                    Arch   Version                         Repo    Size
    ================================================================================
    Installing:
     policycoreutils-python-utils
                                noarch 2.9-9.el8                       BaseOS 251 k
    Installing dependencies:
     checkpolicy                x86_64 2.9-1.el8                       BaseOS 348 k
     python3-audit              x86_64 3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8 BaseOS  86 k
     python3-libsemanage        x86_64 2.9-2.el8                       BaseOS 127 k
     python3-policycoreutils    noarch 2.9-9.el8                       BaseOS 2.2 M
     python3-setools            x86_64 4.2.2-2.el8                     BaseOS 601 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Install  6 Packages
    
    Total download size: 3.6 M
    Installed size: 11 M
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/6): python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f87  27 kB/s |  86 kB     00:03
    (2/6): policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.n  44 kB/s | 251 kB     00:05
    (3/6): python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64.rpm  46 kB/s | 127 kB     00:02
    (4/6): checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64.rpm          40 kB/s | 348 kB     00:08
    (5/6): python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm    85 kB/s | 601 kB     00:07
    (6/6): python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch 125 kB/s | 2.2 MB     00:18
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                           147 kB/s | 3.6 MB     00:25
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                        1/1
      Installing       : python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64                     1/6
      Installing       : python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64                   2/6
      Installing       : python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64   3/6
      Installing       : checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64                           4/6
      Installing       : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch               5/6
      Installing       : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch          6/6
      Running scriptlet: policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch          6/6
      Verifying        : checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64                           1/6
      Verifying        : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch          2/6
      Verifying        : python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64   3/6
      Verifying        : python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64                   4/6
      Verifying        : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch               5/6
      Verifying        : python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64                     6/6
    
    Installed:
      checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64
      policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch
      python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64
      python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64
      python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch
      python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64
    
    Complete!
    

    pgAdmin软件带有编写良好的配置脚本,用于配置pgAdmin Web服务。

    执行它以创建管理员用户,配置SELinux策略和Apache Web服务器以部署pgAdmin Web服务。

    [root@postgres tdops]# /usr/pgadmin4/bin/setup-web.sh
    Setting up pgAdmin 4 in web mode on a Redhat platform...
    Creating configuration database...
    NOTE: Configuring authentication for SERVER mode.
    
    Enter the email address and password to use for the initial pgAdmin user account:
    
    Email address: lianglab@126.com
    Password: 
    Retype password:
    pgAdmin 4 - Application Initialisation
    ======================================
    
    Creating storage and log directories...
    Configuring SELinux...
    The Apache web server is not running. We can enable and start the web server for you to finish pgAdmin 4 installation. Continue (y/n)? y
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
    Apache successfully enabled.
    Apache successfully started.
    You can now start using pgAdmin 4 in web mode at http://127.0.0.1/pgadmin4
    
    

    上面的脚本安装了一个配置文件(/etc/httpd/conf.d/pgadmin4.conf),以将pgAdmin部署在Apache Web服务器上。

    此文件中不需要自定义。您仅需要启用和启动httpd服务。

    [root@postgres tdops]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/pgadmin4.conf
    LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
    WSGIDaemonProcess pgadmin processes=1 threads=25 python-home=/usr/pgadmin4/venv
    WSGIScriptAlias /pgadmin4 /usr/pgadmin4/web/pgAdmin4.wsgi
    
    <Directory /usr/pgadmin4/web/>
    	WSGIProcessGroup pgadmin
    	WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
    	<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
    		# Apache 2.4
    		Require all granted
    	</IfModule>
    	<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
    		# Apache 2.2
    		Order Deny,Allow
    		Deny from All
    		Allow from 127.0.0.1
    		Allow from ::1
    	</IfModule>
    </Directory>
    
    [root@postgres tdops]# systemctl enable --now httpd.service
    [root@postgres tdops]# systemctl status  httpd.service
    ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-12-19 23:22:01 CST; 1min 57s ago
         Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
     Main PID: 948184 (httpd)
       Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
        Tasks: 241 (limit: 23840)
       Memory: 34.6M
       CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
               ├─948184 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               ├─948198 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               ├─948199 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               ├─948200 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               ├─948201 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
               └─948202 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
    
    Dec 19 23:22:01 postgres.lianglab.cn systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
    

    配置Linux防火墙,以允许传入流量到Apache Web服务器。

    [root@postgres tdops]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
    success
    [root@postgres tdops]# firewall-cmd --reload
    success
    

    在网络浏览器中打开URL http://192.168.6.160/pgadmin4

    setup-web.sh脚本创建的管理员用户身份登录pgAdmin 。

    成功登录后,您可以访问pgAdmin仪表板。

    要将您的PostgreSQL数据库服务器添加到pgAdmin清单中,请单击“添加新服务器”。

    提供服务器名称,然后单击“连接”选项卡。

    我们的Postgres数据库服务器已添加到pgAdmin中。您可以在左侧面板中看到数据库服务器的树。

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    结论

    在此安装指南中,您学习了如何在CentOS 8服务器上使用pgAdmin安装PostgreSQL。为了学习更多关于Postgres的数据库。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lianglab/p/14161709.html
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