02-docker容器简单操作

1、下载镜像

docker pull nginx

2、查找镜像

docker search nginx

3、查看本机docker镜像

docker images

4、镜像删除/导出/导入

删除
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker rmi nginx

导出
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker save nginx > /tmp/nginx.tar.gz

导入
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker load < /tmp/nginx.tar.gz

5、运行容器

[root@VM-0-8-centos tmp]# docker run -it alpine sh
/ # ls
bin    dev    etc    home   lib    media  mnt    opt    proc   root   run    sbin   srv    sys    tmp    usr    var
/ # exit
[root@VM-0-8-centos tmp]# docker run -it  --name mynginx nginx

6、容器后台运行(按ctrl不放手p q，就会放后台）

[root@VM-0-8-centos tmp]# docker run -it alpine sh
/ # [root@VM-0-8-centos tmp]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
83d422aa0cf1        alpine              "sh"                16 seconds ago      Up 16 seconds                           musing_stonebraker


显示正在运行的容器 docker ps
显示所有容器      docker ps -a

[root@VM-0-8-centos tmp]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
83d422aa0cf1 alpine "sh" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes musing_stonebraker
[root@VM-0-8-centos tmp]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4fb1353fec22 alpine "sh" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago objective_jennings
83d422aa0cf1 alpine "sh" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes musing_stonebraker
08c6a724a192 alpine "sh" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago eager_hamilton
5c4a42aea338 alpine "sh" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago hungry_agnesi

7、删除容器

[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
83d422aa0cf1        alpine              "sh"                About an hour ago   Up About an hour                        musing_stonebraker
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker rm -f 83d422aa0cf1
83d422aa0cf1
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

8、查看容器详细信息

[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
d83f57c2979d        nginx               "/docker-entrypoin..."   27 seconds ago      Up 27 seconds       80/tcp              mynginx
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker inspect d83f57c2979d

9、当退出时自动删除容器

docker run -it --rm --name mynginx nginx

docker ps -a

运行时加--rm参数后，ps -a就看不到了

10、、进入容器进行操作、一般不用

docker attach 容器名/ID

#2、一般用这个
docker exec it 容器名/ID sh 

#3、少用，尽量写成形式脚本进入
docker_in.sh

#!/bin/sh

pid=`docker inspect --format "{{.State.Pid}}" $1`
nsenter -t $pid -m -n -i -n -p

sh docekr_in.sh 容器名/ID

 

11、后台运行（-d参数，后台运行）

[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker run -it -d --name mynginx nginx    
786fc1f32728c23046f2e489b1abdb191bf50edc1b09814e12ff449a2961ef79
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# 

放后台运行查看日志方式
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker logs mynginx(容器名/ID)
实时看
[root@VM-0-8-centos ~]# docker logs -f mynginx(容器名/ID)