SpringMVC是一个基于DispatcherServlet的MVC框架,每个请求最先访问的是DispatcherServlet,DispatcherServlet负责将每一个Request转发到相应的Handler,Handler处理后再返回相应的模型(Model)和视图(View)。在使用注解的Spring MVC中,处理器Handler是基于@Controller和@RequestMapping两个注解的,这两个注解可以提供非常灵活的匹配和处理方式
web.xml配置如下
1 <servlet> 2 <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> 3 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 4 <init-param> 5 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 6 <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> 7 </init-param> 8 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 9 </servlet>
一.@Controller和@RequestMapping
- @Controller注解类型
声明一个控制器类,Spring使用扫描机制来找到应用程序中所有基于注解的控制器类,控制器类的内部包含每个动作相应的处理方法,如下是一个@Controller的例子
1 @Controller 2 public class SignController { 3 @Autowired 4 private ISignService signService; 5 6 /** 7 * 打卡签到 8 * 9 * @param uid 10 * @return 11 */ 12 @GetMapping("/jsp/addSign") 13 public String addSgin(int uid) { 14 15 int addSign = signService.addSign(uid); 16 17 return "right"; 18 } 19 20 /** 21 * 查询打卡记录 22 * 23 * @param model 24 * @return 25 */ 26 @RequestMapping("/selectSign") 27 public String selecetSign(Model model, @RequestParam(value = "page", defaultValue = "1") Integer page, 28 HttpSession session) {
为了保证Spring能扫描到控制器类,需要完成两个配置,首先要在Spring MVC的spring-mybatils.xml配置文件中声明Spring-context,其次需要应用<component-scan/>元素,在该元素中指定控制器类的基本包。例如所有的控制器类都在com.example.controller及其子包下,则该元素如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd"> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf.controller"></context:component-scan> <!--*********************链接数据源************************** --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}" /> <property name="url" value="${url}" /> <property name="username" value="${user}" /> <property name="password" value="${pass}" /> <property name="minIdle" value="1" /> </bean> <!--********************SqlSession的获取,指定数据源******************** --> <bean id="sf" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <!-- 指定sqlMapConfig总配置文件,订制的environment在spring容器中不在生效--> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml" /> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.qf.pojo" /> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/qf/dao/mapper/*Mapper.xml" /> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="com.qf.dao" /> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sf"></property> </bean> <!--通过<tx:advice>标签定义事务增强,并制定事务管理器 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager"> <!--定义属性,声明事务规则 --> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="upd*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="execute*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="do*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="Exception" /> <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="show*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="list*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="has*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="ntx*" propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED" /> <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 定义切面 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="serviceMethod" expression="execution(* com.qf.service..*.*(..))" /> <!-- 将事务增强与切入点组合(织入事务切面) --> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="serviceMethod" advice-ref="txAdvice" /> </aop:config> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> </beans>
确保所有控制器都在基本包下,并且不要指定太广泛的基本包,否则会导致Spring MVC扫描无关的包。
- @RequestMapping注解类型
该注解类型在控制器类的内部定义每一个动作相应的处理方法,一个采用@RequestMapping注释的方法将成为一个请求处理方法,并由调度程序在接收到对应的URL请求时调用,下面是一个RequestMapping注解方法的控制器类。
package com.example.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; ... @Controller public class ProductController { @RequestMapping(value="/productInput") public String inputProduct(){ //do something here return "ProductForm"; } }
使用RequestMapping注解的value属性将URL映射到方法,在如上的例子中,我们将productInput映射到inputProduct()方法,通过http://localhost:8081/SpringMVC/productInput访问inputProduct方法。RequestMapping方法除了有value属性外,还有method属性,该属性用来指示该方法仅处理哪些http方法,例如,仅当HTTP POST或PUT方法时,调用下面的processOrder方法。
@RequestMapping(value="/order_process", method={RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.PUT}) public String processOrder(){ //do something here return "OrderForm"; }
如果method属性只有一个HTTP方法值,则无需{},直接为method=RequestMethod.POST,如果未指定method属性,则请求处理方法可以处理任意HTTP方法。此外RequestMapping注释类型也可以用来注释一个控制器类,如下所示:
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; ... @Controller @RequestMapping(value="/customer") public class CustomerController{ @RequestMapping(value="/delete", method={RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.PUT}) public String deleteCustomer(){ //do something here return ...; } }
在这种情况下,所有的方法都将映射为相对于类级别的请求,如例子中的deleteCustomer方法,由于控制器类映射使用"/customer",而deleteCustomer方法映射为"/delete",则需要通过http://localhost:8081/SpringMVC/customer/delete。
2017-12-09