计算与软件工程作业二#
作业要求###
https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/jssf/infor_computation17-31/homework/10402
作业一###
1 预习讲义第二部分：个人开发技术###
PSP###
- 定义：Personal Software Process，PSP)是一种可用于控制、管理和改进个人工作方式的自我持续改进过程，是一个包括软件开发表格、指南和规程的结构化框架。PSP与具体的技术（程序设计语言、工具或者设计方法）相对独立，其原则能够应用到几乎任何的软件工程任务之中。PSP能够说明个体软件过程的原则； 帮助软件工程师作出准确的计划；确定软件工程师为改善产品质量要采取的步骤；建立度量个体软件过程改善的基准；确定过程的改变对软件工程师能力的影响。
- 软件系统的绝大部分模块都是由个人开发或维护的
- 每个人的工作质量直接影响最终软件的质量
- 衡量软件开发的工作量和质量四要素：1项目大小 2耗费时间 3质量 4是否按时
- PSP 各个阶段：计划-开发-报告
程序效能分析###
两种方法：1）抽样 2）代码注入
单元测试###
- 在最小的编程单元上保证正确性
- 回归测试(保证程序在修改的过程中, 原有的功能保持稳定）
- 单元测试是回归测试的基础。
2 设计代码###
要求
- 分别能够实现小学一、二、三、四、五年级的四则运算要求， 逐步实现各个年级的难度
- 要求能够通过输入来选择不同年级，每个年级还得区分难，中，易三个等级
- 对于三、四、五年级需要支持括号与多个运算符
- 程序支持判断对错及累计得分与时间
- 一次可以出100道题目，而且不能重复（比如2+3 与 3+2 算重复的）
- 充分发挥想象增加满足小学生数学检测需要的功能
代码呈现###
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include<stack>
#include<fstream>
#define length 100
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ofstream fout("equation.txt");
char Op[] = {'+', '-', '*', '/'};
int rights;
int wrong;
struct num{
ll numerator, denominator;
num(){numerator = 0; denominator = 1;}
num(int n) {numerator = n; denominator = 1;}
num(int n,int d) {numerator = n; denominator = d;}
void operator = (num x)
{
numerator = x.numerator;
denominator = x.denominator;
}
};
#define maxl 1005
char nifix[maxl], post[maxl];
char ans[maxl];
int cnt_right, cnt_wrong;
bool error;
num res, rst;
class fraction
{
private:
int above;
int below;
void reduction();
fraction makeCommond(fraction);
public:
fraction()
{
}
fraction add(fraction);
fraction sub(fraction);
fraction mul(fraction);
fraction div(fraction);
int display(int,int);
void setvalue(int ,int);
};
//约分//
void fraction::reduction()
{
int i,comdiv,small,max;
if(above<below)
{
small=above;
max=below;
}
else
{
small=below;
max=above;
}
for(i=small;i>1;i--)
{
if((small%i==0 )&(max%i==0) )
break;
}
comdiv=i;
if(i!=0)
{
above/=i;
below/=i;
}
}
//分数通分//
fraction fraction::makeCommond(fraction frac)
{
int b1=below,b2=frac.below, m,s;
if(b1>b2)
{
m=b1%b2;
s=b2;
}
else
{
m=b2%b1;
s=b1;
}
while(m>0)
{
int res=s%m;
s=m,m=res;
}
int small=(b1*b2)/s;
above=above*(small/below);
frac.above=frac.above*(small/frac.below);
below=small;
frac.below=small;
return frac;
}
//分数相加//
fraction fraction::add(fraction fr)
{
fraction myFraction;
myFraction.above=above*fr.below+fr.above*below;
myFraction.below=below*fr.below;
myFraction.reduction();
return myFraction;
}
//分数相减//
fraction fraction::sub(fraction fr)
{
fraction myFraction;
myFraction.above=above*fr.below-fr.above*below;
myFraction.below=below*fr.below;
myFraction.reduction();
return myFraction;
}
//分数相乘//
fraction fraction::mul(fraction fr)
{
fraction myFraction;
myFraction.above=above*fr.above;
myFraction.below=below*fr.below;
myFraction.reduction();
return myFraction;
}
//分数相除//
fraction fraction::div(fraction fr)
{
fraction myFraction;
myFraction.above=above*fr.below;
myFraction.below=below*fr.above;
myFraction.reduction();
return myFraction;
}
//分数答案的输入判断//
int fraction::display(int a,int b)
{
if((a==above)&&(b==below))
{
cout<<"正确"<<endl;
rights=rights+1;
}
else
{
cout<<"错误"<<endl;
wrong=wrong+1;
}
return rights,wrong;
}
//分数的赋值//
void fraction::setvalue(int sj1,int sj3)
{
above=sj1;
below=sj3;
}
//无分数，无余数答案判断//
int answer(int a[],int i)
{
int ans;
cout<<"请输入答案:"<<endl;
cin>>ans;
if(ans==a[i])
{
cout<<"正确"<<endl;
rights=rights+1;
}
else
{
cout<<"错误"<<endl;
wrong=wrong+1;
}
return rights,wrong;
}
//无分数，有余数答案判断//
int answer_1(int a[],int i,int b[])
{
int ans,yushu;
cout<<"请输入商:"<<endl;
cin>>ans;
cout<<"输入余数"<<endl;
cin>>yushu;
if((ans==a[i])&&(yushu=b[i]))
{
cout<<"正确"<<endl;
rights=rights+1;
}
else
{
cout<<"错误"<<endl;
wrong=wrong+1;
}
return rights,wrong;
}
//产生带括号式子//
void create(int maxn)
{
if(!fout)
{
cerr << "open error!" << endl;
exit(1);
}
int lengt;
do{
lengt = rand()%8;
}while(lengt < 2);
bool div = false;
int brack_cnt = 0;
ll num, op;
for (int i = 1; i < lengt; i++)
{
if (div)
{
div = false;
do{
num = rand()%maxn;
}while(num == 0);
cout<< num;
fout<< num;
}
else
{
num= rand()%maxn;
fout <<num;
cout<<num;
}
int tmpcnt = brack_cnt;
for (int j = 0; j < tmpcnt; j++)
{
if ((rand()%5) > 2)
{
brack_cnt--;
fout << ")";
cout<<")";
}
}
op = rand()%4;
fout << Op[op];
cout << Op[op];
if (op == 3)
div = true;
if (!(rand()%3))
{
fout << "(";
cout<<"(";
brack_cnt++;
num= rand()%maxn;
fout <<num;
cout<<num;
op = rand()%4;
fout << Op[op];
cout<<Op[op];
if (op == 3)
div = true;
}
}
if (div)
{
div = false;
do{
num = rand()%maxn;
}while(num == 0);
fout << num;
cout<< num;
}
else
{
num=rand()%maxn;
fout << num;
cout<<num;
}
while(brack_cnt--)
{
fout << ")";
cout << ")";
}
cout<<"=";
fout<< endl;
cout<<endl;
}
bool isNum(char x)
{
return (x >= '0' && x <= '9');
}
bool isOp(char x)
{
return (x == '+' || x == '-' || x == '*' || x == '/' || x == '(' || x == ')');
}
int priority(char x)
{
if (x == '-' || x == '+')
return 1;
else if (x == '*' || x == '/')
return 2;
else if (x == '(')
return 0;
else
return -1;
}
bool nifix_to_post()
{
memset(post, 0, sizeof(post));
stack<char> s;
bool havenum = false;
int tmp = 0, pos = 0;
for (int i = 0; nifix[i] != ' '; i++)
{
if (isNum(nifix[i]))
{
havenum = true;
tmp = tmp*10 + (nifix[i]-'0');
}
else if (isOp(nifix[i]))
{
if (isOp(nifix[i-1]) && nifix[i-1] != ')' && nifix[i] != '(')
return true;
if (havenum)
{
havenum = false;
post[pos++] = tmp + '0';
tmp = 0;
}
if (nifix[i] == ')')
{
if (s.empty())
return true;
while(s.top() != '(')
{
post[pos++] = s.top();
s.pop();
if (s.empty())
return true;
}
s.pop();
}
else if (nifix[i] == '(')
s.push(nifix[i]);
else
{
while (!s.empty() && priority(nifix[i]) <= priority(s.top()))
{
post[pos++] = s.top();
s.pop();
}
s.push(nifix[i]);
}
}
else
return true;
}
if (havenum)
{
havenum = false;
post[pos++] = tmp + '0';
tmp = 0;
}
while(!s.empty())
{
if (s.top() == '(')
return true;
post[pos++] = s.top();
s.pop();
}
return false;
}
ll gcd(ll m, ll n)
{
ll tmp;
tmp = m % n;
while(tmp)
{
m = n;
n = tmp;
tmp = m % n;
}
return n;
}
bool cal_result()
{
stack<num> s;
for (int i = 0; i < (strlen(post)); i++)
{
if (!isOp(post[i]))
{
num tmp(post[i]-'0', 1);
s.push(tmp);
}
else
{
if (s.empty())
return true;
num b = s.top(); s.pop();
if (s.empty())
return true;
num a = s.top(); s.pop();
num c;
if (post[i] == '+')
{
c.numerator = a.numerator * b.denominator + b.numerator * a.denominator;
c.denominator = a.denominator * b.denominator;
}
else if (post[i] == '-')
{
c.numerator = a.numerator * b.denominator - b.numerator * a.denominator;
c.denominator = a.denominator * b.denominator;
}
else if (post[i] == '*')
{
c.numerator = a.numerator * b.numerator;
c.denominator = a.denominator * b.denominator;
}
else if (post[i] == '/')
{
if (b.numerator == 0)
return true;
c.numerator = a.numerator * b.denominator;
c.denominator = a.denominator * b.numerator;
}
else
return true;
if (c.numerator != 0)
{
ll div = gcd(c.denominator, c.numerator);
c.denominator /= div;
c.numerator /= div;
}
s.push(c);
}
}
if (s.size() > 1)
return true;
res = s.top();
s.pop();
if (res.denominator < 0)
{
res.numerator = -res.numerator;
res.denominator = -res.denominator;
}
return false;
}
bool trans_ans()
{
int i = 0;
ll tmp = 0;
bool num_flag = false, deno_flag = false;
if (ans[i] == '-')
{
num_flag = true;
i++;
}
while(isNum(ans[i]))
{
tmp = tmp * 10 + (ans[i] - '0');
i++;
}
if (num_flag)
tmp = -tmp;
rst.numerator = tmp;
rst.denominator = 1;
tmp = 0;
if (ans[i] == '/')
{
if (ans[++i] == '-')
{
deno_flag = true;
i++;
}
while(isNum(ans[i]))
{
tmp = tmp * 10 + (ans[i] - '0');
i++;
}
if (deno_flag)
tmp = -tmp;
rst.denominator = tmp;
}
if (rst.denominator == 0)
return true;
if (i != strlen(ans))
return true;
if (rst.denominator < 0)
{
rst.numerator = -rst.numerator;
rst.denominator = -rst.denominator;
}
if (num_flag && deno_flag)
rst.denominator = 0;
return false;
}
int main()
{
fraction frac,frac2;
int sj1,sj2,sf=1,sj3,sj4,r,j=1;//定义随机数及算符
int above,below;
int Num;//题数
char nc;//运算数选择
char sfchose;//算符选择
char yschose;//余数选择
char jf;//减法结果选择
int qznum;//取值范围
int ans_2[length];//存放正确的答案
int ans_4[length]={0};//存放正确的余数
srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); //srand函数是以现在系统时间作为时间种子产生随机数
cout<<"欢迎使用四则运算自动出题系统"<<endl;
cout<<"请对以下内容进行初始化设置："<<endl;
cout<<"选择年级一年级（输入'1'）或二年级（输入'2')或三年级（输入'3')或四年级（输入'4')或五年级（输入'5')"<<endl;
cin>>nc;
if(nc=='1'){{
cout<<"产生一年级四则运算，选择难度低输入6，中输入7,高输入8"<<endl;
cin>>nc;
if(nc=='6'){
cout<<"你选择了简单模式，请输入a，建议不要设置乘除法"<<endl;}
if(nc=='7'){
cout<<"你选择了中等模式，请输入a，建议设置乘除法"<<endl;}
if(nc=='8'){
cout<<"你选择了难模式，请输入a，建议题目量大于50，要有乘除"<<endl;}
}}
if(nc=='2'){{
cout<<"进入二年级四则运算，选择难度低输入6，中输入7,高输入8"<<endl;}
cin>>nc;
if(nc=='6'){
cout<<"你选择了简单模式，请输入a，建议不要设置乘除法"<<endl;}
if(nc=='7'){
cout<<"你选择了中等模式，请输入a，建议设置乘除法"<<endl;}
if(nc=='8'){
cout<<"你选择了难模式，请输入a，题目量大于50，要有乘除"<<endl;}
}
if(nc=='3'){{
cout<<"进入三年级四则运算，请选择难度：低选择'6';中选择'7';高的模式选择'8'"<<endl;}
cin>>nc;
if(nc=='6'){
cout<<"你选择了简单模式，请输入b，进入后，建议题目小于30"<<endl;}
if(nc=='7'){
cout<<"你选择了中等模式，请输入b，进入后，建议题目大于30小于50"<<endl;}
if(nc=='8'){
cout<<"你选择了难模式，请输入b，进入后，建议题目量大于50"<<endl;}
}
if(nc=='4'){{
cout<<"进入四年级四则运算，请选择难度：低选择'6';中选择'7';高的模式选择'8'"<<endl;}
cin>>nc;
if(nc=='6'){
cout<<"你选择了简单模式，请输入b，进入后建议题目小于30"<<endl;}
if(nc=='7'){
cout<<"你选择了中等模式，请输入b，进入后建议题目大于30小于50"<<endl;}
if(nc=='8'){
cout<<"你选择了难模式，请输入b，进入后题目量大于50"<<endl;}
}
if(nc=='5'){{
cout<<"进入五年级四则运算，请选择难度：(1)难度低的模式选择'6';(2)中等选择'7'(3)难度高的模式选择'8'"<<endl;}
cin>>nc;
if(nc=='6'){
cout<<"你选择了简单模式，建议输入b，进入后，建议题目小于30"<<endl;}
if(nc=='7'){
cout<<"你选择了中等模式，建议输入b，进入后，建议题目大于30小于50"<<endl;}
if(nc=='8'){
cout<<"你选择了难模式，建议输入b，进入后，建议题目量大于50"<<endl;}
}
cout<<"请输入难度模式（a.二个运算数 b.多个运算数）"<<endl;
cin>>nc;
if(nc=='a')
{
cout<<"请输入打印题数："<<endl;
cin>>Num;
cout<<"请选择是否有乘除法?（y/n）"<<endl;
cin>>sfchose;
cout<<"请输入一个值确定算式中数值取值范围："<<endl;
cin>>qznum;
cout<<"减法结果中出现负数吗？（y/n）";
cin>>jf;
if(sfchose=='y')
{
cout<<"请选择除法有无余数?（y/n）"<<endl;
cin>>yschose;
}
cout<<"********************************"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<Num;i++)
{
sj1=rand()%qznum;
sj2=rand()%qznum;
sj3=rand()%qznum;
sj4=rand()%qznum;
if(sfchose=='n')//无乘除法
{
sf=rand()%4;
}
if(sfchose=='y')//有乘除法
{
sf=rand()%8;
}
switch(sf)
{
case 0:
cout<<sj1<<"+"<<sj2<<"= "<<endl;
ans_2[i]=sj1+sj2;
answer(ans_2,i);
break;
case 1:
if(jf=='n')
{
if(sj1<sj2)
{
cout<<sj2<<"-"<<sj1<<"= "<<endl;
ans_2[i]=sj2-sj1;
answer(ans_2,i);
}
else
{
cout<<sj1<<"-"<<sj2<<"= "<<endl;
ans_2[i]=sj1-sj2;
answer(ans_2,i);
}
}
else
{
cout<<sj1<<"-"<<sj2<<"= "<<endl;
ans_2[i]=sj1-sj2;
answer(ans_2,i);
}
break;
case 2:
if(sj1>sj3)
{
r=sj1;
sj1=sj3;
sj3=r;
}
if(sj2>sj4)
{
r=sj2;
sj2=sj4;
sj4=r;
}
cout<<"("<<sj1<<"/"<<sj3<<")"<<"+"<<"("<<sj2<<"/"<<sj4<<")= "<<endl;
frac.setvalue(sj1,sj3);
frac2.setvalue(sj2,sj4);
cout<<"输入分子和分母（用空格隔开，结果化到最简）";
cin>>above>>below;
frac.add(frac2).display(above,below);
break;
case 3:
if(sj1>sj3)
{
r=sj1;
sj1=sj3;
sj3=r;
}
if(sj2>sj4)
{
r=sj2;
sj2=sj4;
sj4=r;
}
if(jf=='n')
{
if((sj1/sj3)<(sj2/sj4))
{
cout<<"("<<sj2<<"/"<<sj4<<")"<<"-"<<"("<<sj1<<"/"<<sj3<<")= "<<endl;
frac.setvalue(sj2,sj4);
frac2.setvalue(sj1,sj3);
cout<<"输入分子和分母（用空格隔开，结果化到最简）";
cin>>above>>below;
frac.sub(frac2).display(above,below);
}
else
{
cout<<"("<<sj1<<"/"<<sj3<<")"<<"-"<<"("<<sj2<<"/"<<sj4<<")= "<<endl;
frac.setvalue(sj1,sj3);
frac2.setvalue(sj2,sj4);
cout<<"输入分子和分母（用空格隔开，结果化到最简）";
cin>>above>>below;
frac.sub(frac2).display(above,below);
}
}
else
{
cout<<"("<<sj1<<"/"<<sj3<<")"<<"-"<<"("<<sj2<<"/"<<sj4<<")= "<<endl;
frac.setvalue(sj1,sj3);
frac2.setvalue(sj2,sj4);
cout<<"输入分子和分母（用空格隔开，结果化到最简）";
cin>>above>>below;
frac.sub(frac2).display(above,below);
}
break;
case 4:
cout<<sj1<<"*"<<sj2<<"="<<endl;
ans_2[i]=sj1*sj2;
answer(ans_2,i);
break;
case 5:
if(sj2==0)
{
i=i-1;
}
else if(yschose=='n')
{
if(sj1%sj2==0)
{
cout<<sj1<<"/"<<sj2<<"="<<endl;
ans_2[i]=sj1/sj2;
answer(ans_2,i);
}
else
{
i=i-1;
}
}
else if(yschose=='y')
{
if(sj1%sj2!=0)
{
cout<<sj1<<"/"<<sj2<<"="<<endl;
ans_2[i]=sj1/sj2;
ans_4[i]=sj1-sj2*ans_2[i];
answer_1(ans_2,i,ans_4);
}
else
{
i=i-1;
}
}
break;
case 6:
if(sj1>sj3)
{
r=sj1;
sj1=sj3;
sj3=r;
}
if(sj2>sj4)
{
r=sj2;
sj2=sj4;
sj4=r;
}
cout<<"("<<sj1<<"/"<<sj3<<")"<<"*"<<"("<<sj2<<"/"<<sj4<<")= "<<endl;
frac.setvalue(sj1,sj3);
frac2.setvalue(sj2,sj4);
cout<<"输入分子和分母（用空格隔开，结果化到最简）";
cin>>above>>below;
frac.mul(frac2).display(above,below);
break;
case 7:
if(sj1>sj3)
{
r=sj1;
sj1=sj3;
sj3=r;
}
if(sj2>sj4)
{
r=sj2;
sj2=sj4;
sj4=r;
}
cout<<"("<<sj1<<"/"<<sj3<<")"<<"/"<<"("<<sj2<<"/"<<sj4<<")= "<<endl;
frac.setvalue(sj1,sj3);
frac2.setvalue(sj2,sj4);
cout<<"输入分子和分母（用空格隔开，结果化到最简）";
cin>>above>>below;
frac.div(frac2).display(above,below);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
cout<<"共做对 "<<rights<<" 道题"<<endl;
cout<<"共做错 "<<wrong<<" 道题"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"请输入出题数目：";
cin >>Num ;
cout<<"请输入一个值确定算式中数值取值范围："<<endl;
cin>>qznum;
cout<<"******************************************"<<endl;
while(Num--)
{
create(qznum);
}
//计数器请0
cnt_right = cnt_wrong = 0;
ifstream infile;
infile.open("equation.txt", ios::in);
if(infile.is_open() == false)
{
cerr << "open error!" << endl;
exit(1);
}
while( infile >> nifix)
{
error = nifix_to_post();
if (error)
{
cout << "读取式子出错!" << endl;
return 0;
}
error = cal_result();
if (error)
{
cout << "计算中出错..." << endl;
return 0;
}
cout << "请输入答案: ";
cin >> ans;
error = trans_ans();
if (error)
{
cout << "输入不合法答案!" << endl;
return 0;
}
if ((rst.denominator == res.denominator && rst.numerator == res.numerator) || (rst.numerator == res.numerator && rst.numerator == 0))
{
cnt_right++;
cout << "正确!" << endl;
}
else
{
cnt_wrong++;
cout << "错误. 答案是 ";
if (res.denominator == 1)
cout << res.numerator << "." << endl;
else
cout << res.numerator << "/" << res.denominator << "." << endl;
}
}
cout << "统计结果..." << endl;
cout << "你答了" << cnt_right+cnt_wrong << " 道题 ";
cout << "正确数：" << cnt_right << " 错误数： " << cnt_wrong << " 。" << endl;
infile.close();
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果##
作业二#
要求###
- git学习与码云代码托管平台gitee
阅读网址如下关于git的使用
https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/896043488029600 或 https://gitee.com/help/categories/43
通过之前已经注册的码云账号，学会简单的使用
将作业1所写代码托管到gitee平台上个人仓库 - 在博客园给出作业并包括所写的代码，同时给出托管于gitee上的链接
问题###
安装过程特别复杂，官网下载尤其慢，找到别的安装途径得以解决。上传代码很生疏，耗费了很多时间，很多步骤需小心谨慎，不然会一步错步步错.
码云链接：https://gitee.com/ling_ling_li/student_four_operations/blob/master/2.cpp