(1) 实现描述队列的类Queue,其中定义了队列的大小Size(即队列中可以存放的元素个数),并包括进队列函数Add,出队列函数Delete、显示队列头部元素的函数Head和显示队列尾部元素的函数Tail.
(2) 定义基类Element,至少包含纯虚函数ShowMe.
(3) 从基类Element中派生整数类MyInteger和字符串类MyString, 具体实现上述纯虚函数ShowMe,显示该元素的类型和相应的值。
(4) 重载输入“>>”*作符,使得可以通过cin直接读入上述整数类和字符串类的对象值。
(5) 编写main函数,测试上述所要求的各种功能,即可以根据菜单命令增加队列元素、删除队列元素、显示队列头部元素和队列尾部元素,其中的元素可以是整数和/或字符串。
提示:
虚拟基类Element的定义至少包括以下纯虚函数ShowMe.
class Element
{
// ……
public:
virtual void ShowMe () = 0;
// ……
};
*/
#include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; const int MAXN=1000; #define NULL 0 class Element { public: virtual void ShowMe() = 0; }; class MyInteger:public Element { int a; public: //MyInteger() ; friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, MyInteger &MyI); void ShowMe() { cout << "整形" << a << endl; } }; istream &operator>>(istream &is, MyInteger &MyI) { cout<<" 请输入整数:"; is>>MyI.a; return is; } class MyString:public Element { char s[100]; public: friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, MyString &MyS); void ShowMe() { cout << "字符串" << s << endl; } }; istream &operator>>(istream &is, MyString &MyS) { cout<<" 请输入字符串:"; is>>MyS.s; return is; } class Queue { int size; Element *Elm[MAXN]; MyInteger MyI[MAXN]; MyString MyS[MAXN]; public: Queue() { for(int i=0; i<MAXN; i++) Elm[i]=NULL; size=-1; } void add(MyInteger &My) { if (full()) cout<<"队列已满"<<endl; else { MyI[++size]=My; Elm[size]=new MyInteger; Elm[size]=&MyI[size]; } } void add(MyString &My) { if (full()) cout<<"队列已满"<<endl; else { MyS[++size]=My; Elm[size]=new MyString; Elm[size]=&MyS[size]; } } void tail() { if(empty()) cout<<"队列为空"<<endl; else{ cout<<" 队列的尾元素为"; Elm[size]->ShowMe(); } } void head() { if(empty()) cout<<"队列为空"<<endl; else{ cout<<" 队列的头元素为"; Elm[0]->ShowMe(); } } void del() { if(empty()) cout<<"队列为空"<<endl; else{ cout<<" 出队列的元素为"; Elm[size--]->ShowMe(); } } bool empty() { return (bool)(size==-1); } bool full() { return (bool)(size==MAXN-1); } }; int main() { MyInteger my1; MyString my2; Queue queue; int s=1; while(s) { cout<<"Please select 1-6 "<<endl; cout<<" 1: 整数进队列;"<<endl; cout<<" 2: 字符串进队列;"<<endl; cout<<" 3: 显示队列头元素;"<<endl; cout<<" 4: 显示队列尾元素"<<endl; cout<<" 5: 出队列;"<<endl; cout<<" 6: 退出程序"<<endl; cout<<"--------------------------------------"<<endl; cout<<"请选择您的*作:"; cin>>s; switch(s) { case 1: cin>>my1; queue.add(my1); break; case 2: cin>>my2; queue.add(my2); break; case 3: queue.head(); break; case 4: queue.tail(); break; case 5: queue.del(); break; default: s=0; break; } } }