• gawk


    简介

      awk  报告生成器,作用格式化文本输出:

      awk分为awk.nawk. gawk。

      但是linux上的awk为gawk

    [root@web1 base]# which awk
    /usr/bin/awk
    [root@web1 base]# ll /usr/bin/awk 
    lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Jul 26 10:57 /usr/bin/awk -> gawk

     基本用法

      gawk [options]  'program' FILE ...

      program: PATTERN{ACTION STATEMENTS}

      可以允许多个语句,语句之间用分号分隔

    选项

      -F: 指明输入时用到的字段分隔符;

      -v var=value: 自定义变量

    工作模式

      一行一行读取,默认按空格分隔,默认保存在awk的内建变量中。$0显示所有 $1显示第一个 以此类推。

    输出命令

      1. print  

        print item1,item2

      要点:

        (1) 逗号分割符‘

        (2)输出的个item可以是字符串,也可以是数值(运算是依旧是数值,但是输出后为字符串。);当前记录的字段、变量活awk的表达式;

        (3)如省略item,相当于print $0;

      2. 变量

        (1)内建变量

          FS: input field separator(输入字段分隔符) 默认为空白字符

    [root@web1 script]# awk -v FS=':' '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
    root
    bin
    daemon
    adm
    lp
    sync
    shutdown
    halt
    mail
    operator
    games
    ftp
    nobody
    systemd-network
    dbus
    polkitd
    postfix
    sshd

          OFS: output field separator(输出字段分割符)默认为空白字符

    [root@web1 script]# awk -v FS=':' -v OFS=':' '{print $1,$3,$7}' /etc/passwd
    root:0:/bin/bash
    bin:1:/sbin/nologin
    daemon:2:/sbin/nologin
    adm:3:/sbin/nologin
    lp:4:/sbin/nologin
    sync:5:/bin/sync
    shutdown:6:/sbin/shutdown
    halt:7:/sbin/halt
    mail:8:/sbin/nologin
    operator:11:/sbin/nologin
    games:12:/sbin/nologin
    ftp:14:/sbin/nologin
    nobody:99:/sbin/nologin
    systemd-network:192:/sbin/nologin
    dbus:81:/sbin/nologin
    polkitd:999:/sbin/nologin
    postfix:89:/sbin/nologin
    sshd:74:/sbin/nologin

          RS:input record separator,输入时的换行符;

    [root@web1 script]# awk -v RS=' ' '{print}' /etc/passwd
    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
    bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
    daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
    adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
    lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
    sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
    shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
    halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
    mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
    operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
    ftp:x:14:50:FTP
    User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
    nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
    systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd
    Network
    Management:/:/sbin/nologin
    dbus:x:81:81:System
    message
    bus:/:/sbin/nologin
    polkitd:x:999:997:User
    for
    polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
    postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
    sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated
    SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
    原来的换行符还是换行符

          ORS output record separator,输出的换行符;

    [root@web1 script]# awk -v ORS=' ' '{print}' /etc/passwd
    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin [root@web1 script]#

          NF:number of filed  字段数量   

          在awk内部引用变量不需要加$  引用字段需要加行数。

    [root@web1 script]# awk '{print NF}' /etc/passwd
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    1
    3
    3
    3
    1
    2
    [root@web1 script]# awk '{print $NF}' /etc/passwd
    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
    bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
    daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
    adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
    lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
    sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
    shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
    halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
    mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
    operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
    User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
    nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
    Management:/:/sbin/nologin
    bus:/:/sbin/nologin
    polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
    postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
    SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

          NR: number of record, 行数   

       

    [root@web1 script]# awk '{print NR}' /etc/passwd
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18

          如果多个文件进行计数,会和起来显示

    [root@web1 script]# awk '{print NR}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21

          FNR:     每一个文件进行单个计行数;

    [root@web1 script]# awk '{print FNR}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    1
    2
    3

        FILENAME:  当前正在处理文件名字  

    [root@web1 script]# awk '{print FILENAME}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/passwd
    /etc/issue
    /etc/issue
    /etc/issue

        ARGC:命令行参数的个数:

    [root@web1 script]# awk '{print ARGC}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    3
    [root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGC}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    3

          ARGV: 数组,保存的是命令行所给定的各参数。

    [root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGC}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    3
    [root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[0]}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    awk
    [root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    /etc/passwd
    [root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[2]}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
    /etc/issue

        (2)自定义变量

          1. -v  var=value

            变量名区分字符大小写;

    [root@web1 script]# awk -v test='hello' '{print test}' /etc/fstab 
    hello
    hello
    hello
    hello
    hello
    hello
    hello
    hello
    hello
    hello
    [root@web1 script]# awk -v test='hello' 'BEGIN{print test}' 
    hello

           2. program 定义

     

    [root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{test="hello hai";print test}'
    hello hai

          3.printf命令

            格式化输出: printf FORMAT,ITEM1.ITEM2,.....

            (1)FORMAT必须给出;

            (2)不会自动换行,需要显式给出换行控制符, 

            (3)FORMAT中需要分别为后面的每个item指定一个格式化符号;

            格式符:

              %c: 显示字符的ASCII码

              %d,%i::显示十进制整数;

              %e,%E: 科学计数法数值显示

              %f: 显示为浮点数;

              %g,%G: 以科学技术法或浮点形势显示数值;

              %s: 显示字符串;

              %u: 无符号整数;

              %%: 显示%自身

    [root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %s
    ",$1}' /etc/passwd
    username: root
    username: bin
    username: daemon
    username: adm
    username: lp
    username: sync
    username: shutdown
    username: halt
    username: mail
    username: operator
    username: games
    username: ftp
    username: nobody
    username: systemd-network
    username: dbus
    username: polkitd
    username: postfix
    username: sshd
    [root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %s,UID: %d
    ",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    username: root,UID: 0
    username: bin,UID: 1
    username: daemon,UID: 2
    username: adm,UID: 3
    username: lp,UID: 4
    username: sync,UID: 5
    username: shutdown,UID: 6
    username: halt,UID: 7
    username: mail,UID: 8
    username: operator,UID: 11
    username: games,UID: 12
    username: ftp,UID: 14
    username: nobody,UID: 99
    username: systemd-network,UID: 192
    username: dbus,UID: 81
    username: polkitd,UID: 999
    username: postfix,UID: 89
    username: sshd,UID: 74

            修饰符:

              #[.#]:第一个数字控制显示的快读;第二个表示小数点后的精度:

                如 %3.1f

    [root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %15s,UID: %d
    ",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    username:            root,UID: 0
    username:             bin,UID: 1
    username:          daemon,UID: 2
    username:             adm,UID: 3
    username:              lp,UID: 4
    username:            sync,UID: 5
    username:        shutdown,UID: 6
    username:            halt,UID: 7
    username:            mail,UID: 8
    username:        operator,UID: 11
    username:           games,UID: 12
    username:             ftp,UID: 14
    username:          nobody,UID: 99
    username: systemd-network,UID: 192
    username:            dbus,UID: 81
    username:         polkitd,UID: 999
    username:         postfix,UID: 89
    username:            sshd,UID: 74

            -: 左对齐

    [root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %-15s,UID: %d
    ",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    username: root           ,UID: 0
    username: bin            ,UID: 1
    username: daemon         ,UID: 2
    username: adm            ,UID: 3
    username: lp             ,UID: 4
    username: sync           ,UID: 5
    username: shutdown       ,UID: 6
    username: halt           ,UID: 7
    username: mail           ,UID: 8
    username: operator       ,UID: 11
    username: games          ,UID: 12
    username: ftp            ,UID: 14
    username: nobody         ,UID: 99
    username: systemd-network,UID: 192
    username: dbus           ,UID: 81
    username: polkitd        ,UID: 999
    username: postfix        ,UID: 89
    username: sshd           ,UID: 74

            +:显示数值的服务  加号会显示出来

    [root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %-15s,UID: %+d
    ",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    username: root           ,UID: +0
    username: bin            ,UID: +1
    username: daemon         ,UID: +2
    username: adm            ,UID: +3
    username: lp             ,UID: +4
    username: sync           ,UID: +5
    username: shutdown       ,UID: +6
    username: halt           ,UID: +7
    username: mail           ,UID: +8
    username: operator       ,UID: +11
    username: games          ,UID: +12
    username: ftp            ,UID: +14
    username: nobody         ,UID: +99
    username: systemd-network,UID: +192
    username: dbus           ,UID: +81
    username: polkitd        ,UID: +999
    username: postfix        ,UID: +89
    username: sshd           ,UID: +74

          4.操作符

            算数操作符:

              x+y, x-y, x*y, x/y, x^y, x%y

              -x

              +x:  转化为数值

            字符串操作符: 没有符号的操作符, 字符串连接

            赋值操作符:

              =, +=, -=, 、=, %=, ……= 

              ++, --

            比较操作符:

              >,>=,<,<=,!=,==

            模式匹配符:

              ~: 是否匹配

              !~ 是否不匹配

            逻辑操作符:

              &&

              ||

              !

            函数调用:

              function_name(argu1,argu2,...)

            条件表达式:

              selector?if-true-expression:if-false-expression

    [root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{$3>=1000?usertype="Common User":usertype="Sysadmin or SysUser";printf "%-15s:%s
    ",$1,usertype}' /etc/passwd
    root           :Sysadmin or SysUser
    bin            :Sysadmin or SysUser
    daemon         :Sysadmin or SysUser
    adm            :Sysadmin or SysUser
    lp             :Sysadmin or SysUser
    sync           :Sysadmin or SysUser
    shutdown       :Sysadmin or SysUser
    halt           :Sysadmin or SysUser
    mail           :Sysadmin or SysUser
    operator       :Sysadmin or SysUser
    games          :Sysadmin or SysUser
    ftp            :Sysadmin or SysUser
    nobody         :Sysadmin or SysUser
    systemd-network:Sysadmin or SysUser
    dbus           :Sysadmin or SysUser
    polkitd        :Sysadmin or SysUser
    postfix        :Sysadmin or SysUser
    sshd           :Sysadmin or SysUser

         5.PATTERN

          (1) empty: 空模式,匹配每一行;

          (2)/regular expression/: 仅处理能够被此处的模式匹配到的行

    [root@web1 script]# awk '/^UUID/{print $1}'  /etc/fstab 
    UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379
    UUID=eb2eed65-bb35-4af0-b08a-a816d8f13204

          (3) relational expression: 关系表达式:结果又“真”有“假”;结果为“真”才会被处理

              真:  结果为非0值,非空字符串表示为真;

    [root@web1 script]# awk -F: '$3>=500{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    polkitd 999

           (4)  line ranges: 行范围,

              startline,endline: /pat1/,/pat2/

              注意: 不支持直接给出数字的格式

    [root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 application]# awk -F:  '(NR>=2&&NR<=10){print $1}' /etc/passwd
    bin
    daemon
    adm
    lp
    sync
    shutdown
    halt
    mail
    uucp

          (5)BEGIN/END模式

              BEGIN{}: 仅在开始处理文件的文本之前执行一次;

              END{}: 仅在文本处理完成之后执行一次;

    [root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 application]# awk -F: 'BEGIN{print "username     uid 
    ------------------"}{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    root 0
    bin 1
    daemon 2
    adm 3
    lp 4
    sync 5
    shutdown 6
    halt 7
    mail 8
    uucp 10
    operator 11
    games 12
    gopher 13
    ftp 14
    nobody 99
    vcsa 69
    saslauth 499
    postfix 89
    sshd 74
    ntp 38
    tcpdump 72
    nscd 28
    nginx 500
    zabbix 498
    mysql 27
    apache 48
    squid 23
    web 501
    gitlab-www 497
    git 496
    gitlab-redis 495
    gitlab-psql 494
    gitlab-prometheus 493
    dbus 81
    nexus 502
    jira 503
    log 504
    [root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 application]# awk -F: '{print "username     uid 
    ------------------"}{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    root 0
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    bin 1
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    daemon 2
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    adm 3
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    lp 4
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    sync 5
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    shutdown 6
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    halt 7
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    mail 8
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    uucp 10
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    operator 11
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    games 12
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    gopher 13
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    ftp 14
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    nobody 99
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    vcsa 69
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    saslauth 499
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    postfix 89
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    sshd 74
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    ntp 38
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    tcpdump 72
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    nscd 28
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    nginx 500
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    zabbix 498
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    mysql 27
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    apache 48
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    squid 23
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    web 501
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    gitlab-www 497
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    git 496
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    gitlab-redis 495
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    gitlab-psql 494
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    gitlab-prometheus 493
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    dbus 81
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    nexus 502
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    jira 503
    username     uid 
    ------------------
    log 504
    View Code

        6.常用的action

          (1)Expreessions 表达式

          (2)Control statements: if,while等

          (3)Compound statements: 组合语句

          (4)input statements

          (5)output statements 

        7.控制语句

          if(condition){statements}

          if(condition){statements} else {statement}

          while(conditon){staements}

          do {statement} while(conditon)

          for(expr1,expr2,expr3){statements}

          break

          continue

          delete array[index]   从数组中删除某个元素

          delete arrat  删除数组

          exit

          { statements}

        7.1 if-else

          语法: if(condition){statements} else {statement}

          使用场景:对awk取的整行或某个字段做条件判断;

    [root@web1 tmp]# awk -F: '{if($3>500) print$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    polkitd 999
    [root@web1 tmp]# awk -F: '{if($3>500) {printf "Conmon user: %s
    ",$1} else {printf "root or sysuser: %s
    ",$1}}' /etc/passwd
    root or sysuser: root
    root or sysuser: bin
    root or sysuser: daemon
    root or sysuser: adm
    root or sysuser: lp
    root or sysuser: sync
    root or sysuser: shutdown
    root or sysuser: halt
    root or sysuser: mail
    root or sysuser: operator
    root or sysuser: games
    root or sysuser: ftp
    root or sysuser: nobody
    root or sysuser: systemd-network
    root or sysuser: dbus
    Conmon user: polkitd
    root or sysuser: postfix
    root or sysuser: sshd
    [root@web1 tmp]# awk -F: '{if($NF=="/bin/bash") print $1}' /etc/passwd
    root
    [root@web1 tmp]# awk  '{if(NF>5) print $0}' /etc/fstab 
    # Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 26 10:57:01 2018
    # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
    # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
    UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
    UUID=eb2eed65-bb35-4af0-b08a-a816d8f13204 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0

          7.2 while循环

              while(conditon){staements}

              使用场景:对一行内的多个字段逐一类似处理时使用;

    [root@web1 ~]# awk '/^[[:space:]]*linux16/{i=1;while(i<=NF) {if(length($i)>=7) {print  $i,length($i)}; i++}}' /etc/grub2.cfg
    linux16 7
    /vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 30
    root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
    crashkernel=auto 16
    LANG=en_US.UTF-8 16
    linux16 7
    /vmlinuz-0-rescue-4448785178734432b18eb960343dfaae 50
    root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
    crashkernel=auto 16

        7.3 do-while

            语法 :do {statement} while(conditon)

            意义:只要执行一次循环体

        7.4 for 循环

          语法  for(expr1,expr2,expr3){statements}

          for(variable assignment;codition iteration process)

    [root@web1 ~]# awk '/^[[:space:]]*linux16/{for (i=1;i<NF;i++){print  $i,length($i)}}' /etc/grub2.cfg
    linux16 7
    /vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 30
    root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
    ro 2
    crashkernel=auto 16
    rhgb 4
    quiet 5
    linux16 7
    /vmlinuz-0-rescue-4448785178734432b18eb960343dfaae 50
    root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
    ro 2
    crashkernel=auto 16
    rhgb 4
    [root@web1 ~]# awk '/^[[:space:]]*linux16/{print}' /etc/grub2.cfg 
        linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
        linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-4448785178734432b18eb960343dfaae root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
    [root@web1 ~]# 

            特殊用法;

              能够遍历数组中的元素;

              语法: for(var in array)(for-body)

          7.5 switch语句  多重判断语句

              语句: switch(expression){case VALUE1 or /REGEXP/:statement; case VALUE2 or /REGEXP2/:statement;...default:statement}

          7.6 break和continue

            break [n]

            continue

          7.7 next

            提前结束对本行的处理而直接进入下一行;

            用户id为偶数的打印出来

    [root@web1 ~]# awk -F: '{if ($3%2!=0) next;print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
    root 0
    daemon 2
    lp 4
    shutdown 6
    mail 8
    games 12
    ftp 14
    systemd-network 192
    sshd 74

        8.array

          关联数组: ararry[index-expression]

           index-expression

            (1)可使用任意字符串;字符串要使用双引号;

            (2)如果某数组元素事先不存在,在引用时,awk会自动创建此元素,并将其值初始化为“空串”;

             若要判断数组中是否存在某元素,要使用“index in array”

    [root@web1 tmp]# awk 'BEGIN{weekdays["mon"]="Monday";weekdays["tue"]="Tuesday";print weekdays["mon"]}'
    Monday
    [root@web1 tmp]# awk 'BEGIN{weekdays["mon"]="Monday";weekdays["tue"]="Tuesday";print weekdays["tue"]}'
    Tuesday

          若要遍历数组中的每个元素,要使用for循环;

            for(var in array ){for-body}

    [root@web1 tmp]# awk 'BEGIN{weekdays[1]="Monday";weekdays[2]="Tuesday";for(i in weekdays){print weekdays[i]}}'
    Monday
    Tuesday

          注意:var会遍历array的每个索引;

    [root@web1 tmp]# netstat -tan|awk '/^tcp>/{state[$NF]++}END{for(i in state){print i,state[i]}}'
    LISTEN 4
    ESTABLISHED 8

    '牟定符'
    '< 词首牟定'
    '> 词尾牟定'
    ' 放在词首则表示为牟定词首,放在词尾则表示为牟定词尾'

    [root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk '{ip[$1]++}END{for( i in ip){print i,ip[i]} }' /var/log/nginx/access.log
    91.106.77.208 1
    80.82.70.187 1
    152.231.52.173 1
    78.211.208.37 1
    37.195.147.56 1

     显示每个单词出现的次数

    [root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){count[$i]++}}END{for (i in count){print i,count[i]}}' /etc/fstab 

        9. 函数

          9.1 内置函数

            数值处理:

              'rand(): 返回0和1一个随机数;'

            

    [root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk 'BEGIN{print rand()}'
    0.237788
    [root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk 'BEGIN{print rand()}'
    0.237788

              awk命令只有第一次取到的是随机的

            字符串处理
    <!--          length([s]): 返回指定字符串的长度'
              sub(r,s,[t]): 以r表示的模式来查找t所表示的字符串中的的匹配的内容,并将第一次出现替换为s所表示的内容;
              g
    sub(r,s,[t]): 以r表示的模式来查找t所表示的字符串中的的匹配的内容,并将所有出现替换为s所表示的内容;
              split(s,a,[r]) 以r为分割符切割字符s,并将切割后的结果保存至a所表示的数组中;
    -->
      awk 数组以1未开始
    [root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 ~]# netstat -tan |awk '/^tcp>/{split($5,ip,":");count[ip[1]]++}END{for(i in count ){print i,count[i] }}'
    10.1.1.103 11
    104.152.52.23 1
    118.178.213.220 1
    106.37.97.167 3
    106.11.248.209 1
    127.0.0.1 124
    106.11.68.13 1
    114.242.248.49 2
    100.100.30.25 1
    140.207.69.101 8
    47.52.111.155 4
    140.207.69.102 9
    47.92.165.213 1
    10.1.1.184 37
    10.1.1.101 2
    0.0.0.0 74
    10.1.1.201 1
    47.92.73.73 1
    10.1.1.187 8
    10.1.1.102 223
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lfdblog/p/9720059.html
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