Using Automake and Autoconf with C++
Using Automake and Autoconf with C++
自动生成Makefile--autotools使用 - zheng_he_xiang的日志 - 网易博客
手工写Makefile是一件很有趣的事情，对于比较大型的项目，如果有工具可以代劳，自然是一件好事。在Linux系统开发环境中，GNU Autotools 无疑就充当了这个重要角色。(在Windows系统的开发环境中，IDE工具，诸如Visual Studio，来管理项目也很方便。)
本文以一个简单项目为例子，来讲述GNU Autotools的一列工具及其命令的用法。
autotools是系列工具, 它主要由autoconf、automake、perl语言环境和m4等组成；所包含的命令有五个:
（1）aclocal
（2）autoscan
（3）autoconf
（4）autoheader
（5）automake一、准备源代码
（1）目录project包含一个main.c的文件和两个子目录lib与include；lib目录中包含一个test.c，include目录中包含一个test.h。在系统中，显示如下：
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01.[root@localhost project]# ls
02.include lib main.c
03.[root@localhost project]#
04.[root@localhost project]# ls include/
05.test.h
06.[root@localhost project]# ls lib/
07.test.c
08.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# ls
include lib main.c
[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# ls include/
test.h
[root@localhost project]# ls lib/
test.c
[root@localhost project]#(2)源代码如下：
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01./* project/main.c */
02.#include <stdio.h>
03.#include "include/test.h"
04.int main()
05.{
06. printf("main entrance.\n");
07. test_method();
08. return 0;
09.}
/* project/main.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include "include/test.h"
int main()
{
printf("main entrance.\n");
test_method();
return 0;
}
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01./* project/lib/test.c */
02.#include <stdio.h>
03.#include "../include/test.h"
04.void test_method()
05.{
06. printf("test method.\n");
07.}
/* project/lib/test.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include "../include/test.h"
void test_method()
{
printf("test method.\n");
}
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01./* project/include/test.h*/
02.void test_method();
/* project/include/test.h*/
void test_method();
、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、二、autotools 使用步骤
2.1 使用autoscan命令，它将扫描工作目录，生成 configure.scan 文件。
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01.[root@localhost project]# autoscan
02.autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
03.autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
04.[root@localhost project]# ls
05.autoscan.log configure.scan include lib main.c
06.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# autoscan
autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1
[root@localhost project]# ls
autoscan.log configure.scan include lib main.c
[root@localhost project]#2.2 将configure.scan 文件重命名为configure.ac，并做适当的修改。在 configure.ac 中，# 号开始的行是注释，其他都是m4 宏命令；configure.ac里面的宏的主要作用是侦测系统。
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01.[root@localhost project]mv configure.scan configure.ac
02.[root@localhost project]# ls
03.autoscan.log configure.ac include lib main.c
04.[root@localhost project]#
05.[root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac
06.# -*- Autoconf -*-
07.# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
08.AC_PREREQ(2.59)
09.AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
10.AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c])
11.AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])
12.# Checks for programs.
13.AC_PROG_CC
14.# Checks for libraries.
15.# Checks for header files.
16.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
17.# Checks for library functions.
18.AC_OUTPUT
19.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]mv configure.scan configure.ac
[root@localhost project]# ls
autoscan.log configure.ac include lib main.c
[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac
# -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_PREREQ(2.59)
AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
# Checks for libraries.
# Checks for header files.
# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
# Checks for library functions.
AC_OUTPUT
[root@localhost project]#2.3 对 configure.ac 文件做适当的修改，修改显示如下[1]：
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01.[root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac
02.# -*- Autoconf -*-
03.# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
04.AC_PREREQ(2.59)
05.#AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
06.AC_INIT(hello,1.0,abc@126.com)
07.AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello,1.0)
08.AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c])
09.AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])
10.# Checks for programs.
11.AC_PROG_CC
12.# Checks for libraries.
13.# Checks for header files.
14.# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
15.# Checks for library functions.
16.AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
17.AC_OUTPUT
[root@localhost project]# cat configure.ac
# -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_PREREQ(2.59)
#AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
AC_INIT(hello,1.0,abc@126.com)
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello,1.0)
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c])
AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h])
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
# Checks for libraries.
# Checks for header files.
# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
# Checks for library functions.
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
AC_OUTPUT说明:
（1）以“#”号开始的行均为注释行。
（2）AC_PREREQ 宏声明本文要求的 autoconf 版本, 如本例中的版本 2.59。（3）AC_INIT 宏用来定义软件的名称、版本等信息、作者的E-mail等。
（4）AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE是通过手动添加的, 它是automake所必备的宏, FULL-PACKAGE-NAME是软件名称,VERSION是软件版本号。
（5）AC_CONFIG_SCRDIR 宏用来侦测所指定的源码文件是否存在, 来确定源码目录的有效性.。此处为当前目录下main.c。（6）AC_CONFIG_HEADER 宏用于生成config.h文件，以便 autoheader 命令使用。
（7）AC_PROG_CC用来指定编译器，如果不指定，默认gcc。
（8）AC_OUTPUT 用来设定 configure 所要产生的文件，如果是makefile，configure 会把它检查出来的结果带入makefile.in文件产生合适的makefile。使用 Automake 时，还需要一些其他的参数，这些额外的宏用aclocal工具产生。
（9）AC_CONFIG_FILES宏用于生成相应的Makefile文件。2.4 使用 aclocal 命令，扫描 configure.ac 文件生成 aclocal.m4文件, 该文件主要处理本地的宏定义，它根据已经安装的宏、用户定义宏和 acinclude.m4 文件中的宏将 configure.ac 文件需要的宏集中定义到文件 aclocal.m4 中。[2]
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01.[root@localhost project]# aclocal
02.[root@localhost project]# ls
03.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure.in include lib main.c
04.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# aclocal
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure.in include lib main.c
[root@localhost project]#2.5 使用 autoconf 命令生成 configure 文件。这个命令将 configure.ac 文件中的宏展开，生成 configure 脚本。这个过程可能要用到aclocal.m4中定义的宏。
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01.[root@localhost project]# autoconf
02.[root@localhost project]# ls
03.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure configure.in include lib main.c
[root@localhost project]# autoconf
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure configure.in include lib main.c
2.6 使用 autoheader 命令生成 config.h.in 文件。该命令通常会从 "acconfig.h” 文件中复制用户附加的符号定义。该例子中没有附加的符号定义, 所以不需要创建 "acconfig.h” 文件[2].view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
01.[root@localhost project]# autoheader
02.[root@localhost project]# ls
03.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in configure configure.in include lib main.c
04.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# autoheader
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in configure configure.in include lib main.c
[root@localhost project]#2.7 手工创建Makefile.am文件。Automake工具会根据 configure.in 中的参量把 Makefile.am 转换成 Makefile.in 文件。
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01.[root@localhost project]# cat Makefile.am
02.UTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign
03.bin_PROGRAMS = hello
04.hello_SOURCES = main.c include/test.h lib/test.c
[root@localhost project]# cat Makefile.am
UTOMAKE_OPTIONS = foreign
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = main.c include/test.h lib/test.c说明:
（1）其中的AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS为设置automake的选项. 由于GNU对自己发布的软件有严格的规范, 比如必须附带许可证声明文件COPYING等，否则automake执行时会报错. automake提供了3中软件等级:foreign, gnu和gnits, 供用户选择。默认级别是gnu. 在本例中， 使用了foreign等级, 它只检测必须的文件。
（2）bin_PROGRAMS定义要产生的执行文件名. 如果要产生多个执行文件, 每个文件名用空格隔开。
（3）hello_SOURCES 定义”hello”这个可执行程序所需的原始文件。如果”hello”这个程序是由多个源文件所产生的, 则必须把它所用到的所有源文件都列出来，并用空格隔开。如果要定义多个可执行程序，那么需要对每个可执行程序建立对应的file_SOURCES。2.8 使用 Automake 命令生成 Makefile.in 文件。使用选项 "--add-missing" 可以让 Automake 自动添加一些必需的脚本文件。
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01.[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing
02.configure.ac: installing `./install-sh'
03.configure.ac: installing `./missing'
04.Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'
05.Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not found
06.Makefile.am: required file `./README' not found
07.Makefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not found
08.Makefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found
09.Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING'
10.Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'
11.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing
configure.ac: installing `./install-sh'
configure.ac: installing `./missing'
Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'
Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not found
Makefile.am: required file `./README' not found
Makefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not found
Makefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found
Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING'
Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'
[root@localhost project]#2.8.1 再次使用 automake ——add-missing 运行一次，可以辅助生成几个必要的文件。
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01.[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing
02.Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not found
03.Makefile.am: required file `./README' not found
04.Makefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not found
05.Makefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found
06.[root@localhost project]# ls
07.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in config.h.in~ configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am missing
08.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing
Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not found
Makefile.am: required file `./README' not found
Makefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not found
Makefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log config.h.in config.h.in~ configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am missing
[root@localhost project]#
2.8.2 在当前目录创建上面未发现的四个文件，并再次使用 automake ——add-missing 运行一次。view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
01.[root@localhost project]# touch NEWS
02.[root@localhost project]# touch README
03.[root@localhost project]# touch AUTHORS
04.[root@localhost project]# touch ChangeLog
05.[root@localhost project]#
06.[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing
07.[root@localhost project]# ls
08.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp INSTALL lib Makefile.am missing README
09.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h.in config.log configure COPYING include install-sh main.c Makefile.in NEWS
10.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# touch NEWS
[root@localhost project]# touch README
[root@localhost project]# touch AUTHORS
[root@localhost project]# touch ChangeLog
[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# automake --add-missing
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp INSTALL lib Makefile.am missing README
AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h.in config.log configure COPYING include install-sh main.c Makefile.in NEWS
[root@localhost project]#2.9 使用 configure 命令， 把 Makefile.in 变成最终的 Makefile 文件。
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01.[root@localhost project]# ./configure
02.checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
03.checking whether build environment is sane... yes
04.checking for gawk... gawk
05.checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
06.checking for gcc... gcc
07.checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
08.checking whether the C compiler works... yes
09.checking whether we are cross compiling... no
10.checking for suffix of executables...
11.checking for suffix of object files... o
12.checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
13.checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
14.checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
15.checking for style of include used by make... GNU
16.checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
17.configure: creating ./config.status
18.config.status: creating Makefile
19.config.status: creating config.h
20.config.status: config.h is unchanged
21.config.status: executing depfiles commands
22.[root@localhost project]# ls
23.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o
24.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1
25.[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables...
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: config.h is unchanged
config.status: executing depfiles commands
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o
AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1
[root@localhost project]#Makefile文件已经生成成功。
三、Makefile的用法
3.1 make 命令，用来编译代码， 默认执行”make all”命令，可以看到生成了"hello"的可执行文件，
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# make 02.make all-am 03.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project' 04.gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.o 05.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project' 06.[root@localhost project]# 07.[root@localhost project]# ls 08.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o 09.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1 10.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# make
make all-am
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project'
gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.o
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project'
[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o
AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1
[root@localhost project]#3.2 make clean 命令清除编译时的obj文件，它与 make 命令是对应关系，一个是编译，一个清除编译的文件
3.3 运行”./hello”就能看到运行结果:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# ./hello 02.main entrance. 03.test method. 04.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# ./hello
main entrance.
test method.
[root@localhost project]#3.4 make install 命令把目标文件安装到系统中。这一，直接输入hello, 就可以看到程序的运行结果。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# make install 02.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project' 03.test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin" 04. /usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello' 05.make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'. 06.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project' 07.[root@localhost project]# 08.[root@localhost project]# hello 09.main entrance. 10.test method. 11.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# make install
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/project'
test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin"
/usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/project'
[root@localhost project]#
[root@localhost project]# hello
main entrance.
test method.
[root@localhost project]#3.5 make uninstall 命令把目标文件从系统中卸载。
3.6 make dist 命令将程序和相关的文档打包为一个压缩文档以供发布，在本例子中，生成的打包文件名为：hello-1.0.tar.gz。
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.[root@localhost project]# make dist 02.{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; } 03.mkdir hello-1.0 04.find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -755 -exec chmod a+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \ 05. ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \ 06. ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \ 07. ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \ 08. || chmod -R a+r hello-1.0 09.tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz 10.{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; } 11.[root@localhost project]# ls 12.aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1 13.AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp hello-1.0.tar.gz INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o 14.[root@localhost project]# [root@localhost project]# make dist
{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; }
mkdir hello-1.0
find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -755 -exec chmod a+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r hello-1.0
tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /home/chenjie/project/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
{ test ! -d hello-1.0 || { find hello-1.0 -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr hello-1.0; }; }
[root@localhost project]# ls
aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache ChangeLog config.h.in config.log configure COPYING hello include install-sh main.c Makefile Makefile.in NEWS stamp-h1
AUTHORS autoscan.log config.h config.h.in~ config.status configure.ac depcomp hello-1.0.tar.gz INSTALL lib main.o Makefile.am missing README test.o
[root@localhost project]#四 如何使用已发布的压缩文档
4.1 下载到“hello-1.0.tar.gz”压缩文档
4.2 使用“ tar -zxvf hello-1.0.tar.gz ”命令解压
4.3 使用 “./configure” 命令，主要的作用是对即将安装的软件进行配置，检查当前的环境是否满足要安装软件的依赖关系。
4.4 使用“ make ” 命令编译源代码文件生成软件包。
4.5 使用 “ make install ”命令来安装编译后的软件包。
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01.[root@localhost chenjie]# ls
02.hello-1.0.tar.gz
03.[root@localhost chenjie]# tar -zxvf hello-1.0.tar.gz
04.[root@localhost chenjie]# ls
05.hello-1.0 hello-1.0.tar.gz
06.[root@localhost chenjie]# cd hello-1.0
07.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# ls
08.aclocal.m4 AUTHORS ChangeLog config.h.in configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am Makefile.in missing NEWS README
09.[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
10.[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
11.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# ./configure
12.checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
13.checking whether build environment is sane... yes
14.checking for gawk... gawk
15.checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
16.checking for gcc... gcc
17.checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
18.checking whether the C compiler works... yes
19.checking whether we are cross compiling... no
20.checking for suffix of executables...
21.checking for suffix of object files... o
22.checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
23.checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
24.checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
25.checking for style of include used by make... GNU
26.checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
27.configure: creating ./config.status
28.config.status: creating Makefile
29.config.status: creating config.h
30.config.status: executing depfiles commands
31.[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
32.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# make
33.make all-am
34.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
35.if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/main.Tpo" -c -o main.o main.c; \
36. then mv -f ".deps/main.Tpo" ".deps/main.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/main.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
37.if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT test.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/test.Tpo" -c -o test.o `test -f 'lib/test.c' || echo './'`lib/test.c; \
38. then mv -f ".deps/test.Tpo" ".deps/test.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/test.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
39.gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.o
40.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
41.[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
42.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# make install
43.make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
44.test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin"
45. /usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello'
46.make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
47.make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
48.[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
49.[root@localhost hello-1.0]# hello
50.main entrance.
51.test method.
[root@localhost chenjie]# ls
hello-1.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost chenjie]# tar -zxvf hello-1.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost chenjie]# ls
hello-1.0 hello-1.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost chenjie]# cd hello-1.0
[root@localhost hello-1.0]# ls
aclocal.m4 AUTHORS ChangeLog config.h.in configure configure.ac COPYING depcomp include INSTALL install-sh lib main.c Makefile.am Makefile.in missing NEWS README
[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
[root@localhost hello-1.0]# ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables...
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
[root@localhost hello-1.0]# make
make all-am
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/main.Tpo" -c -o main.o main.c; \
then mv -f ".deps/main.Tpo" ".deps/main.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/main.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
if gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I. -g -O2 -MT test.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/test.Tpo" -c -o test.o `test -f 'lib/test.c' || echo './'`lib/test.c; \
then mv -f ".deps/test.Tpo" ".deps/test.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/test.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o test.o
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
[root@localhost hello-1.0]# make install
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
test -z "/usr/local/bin" || mkdir -p -- "/usr/local/bin"
/usr/bin/install -c 'hello' '/usr/local/bin/hello'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/chenjie/hello-1.0'
[root@localhost hello-1.0]#
[root@localhost hello-1.0]# hello
main entrance.
test method.五、命令使用的整个流程图
图我就不画了，转载两个图[2][3]，对比着看，或许更明白一些。
六、总结本文描述了如果使用GNU Autotools的来管理源代码，发布源代码包，以及获得源代码包后如何编译、安装。由于这个例子过于简单，GNU Autotools的用法还未完全描述清楚，主要体现在以下几点：
（1）在创建 Makefile.am 文件中，描述的很简单。在实际的项目中，文件关系很复杂，而且还有引用其他动态库、第三方动态库等关系。
（2）虽然 makefile 是自动生成的，但是了解它的规则是非常重要的。makefile 涉及到的规则本文并未加以描述。
