python中的with...as...语句类似于try...finally...语句:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
"""
with...as...语句
"""
#try...finally...语句
f = open('data.txt')
try:
data = f.read()
print(data)
finally:
f.close()
#with...as...语句
with open('data.txt') as f:
data = f.read()
print(data)
hello,leo!
hello,leo!
[Finished in 0.1s]
从上面可以看出,with...as语句看起来更为简洁。
原理
1.表达式执行并返回一个对象A
2.对象A调用__enter__()
3.__enter__()将返回对象B赋值给变量C
4.等表达式全部执行完毕,对象A调用__exit__()方法
下面来看一个例子:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
"""
with...as...语句
"""
class Example:
def __enter__(self):
print('In__enter__()')
return "Over!"
def __exit__(self,*args):
print('In__exit__()')
return "Exit!"
def get_example():
return Example()
with get_example() as example:
print(example)
结果:
In__enter__()
Over!
In__exit__()
[Finished in 0.1s]
分析:
1.表达式get_example()执行并返回对象Example()
2.对象Example()调用__enter__()方法
3.__enter__()方法将返回对象"Over!"赋值给变量example
4.对象Example()调用__exit__()方法