• LAMP介绍和部署流程


    lamp介绍和部署流程

    lamp简介

    • lamp其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件,除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序,但是因为经常被放在一起使用,拥有了越来越高的兼容度,共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。

    • LAMP指的是Linux(操作系统)、Apache(HTTP服务器)、MySQL(也指MariaDB,数据库软件)和PHP(有时也是指Perl或Python)的第一个字母,一般用来建立web应用平台。

    web服务器工作流程

    web服务器

    web服务器的资源分为两种,静态资源和动态资源

    • 静态资源就是指静态内容,客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
    • 动态资源则通常是程序文件,需要在服务器执行之后,将执行的结果返回给客户端

    web工作流程

    • 客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
    • web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源或是动态资源
      • 若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端。
      • 否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系,通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源,并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器,httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时,由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互,取之而后返回给httpd,httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端。

    lamp平台构建

    环境说明:

    系统平台 IP 需要安装的服务
    redhat8 192.168.110.133 httpd-2.4 mysql-5.7 php php-mysql

    lamp平台软件安装次序:

        httpd --> mysql --> php
    

    配置yum网络源(这里用的是阿里云的网络源)

    centos源: https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/centos?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b116dseUd

    epel源:https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/epel?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b116ldhDa

    [root@192 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# ls
    redhat.repo
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# rm -f redhat.repo 
    
    //配置centos源
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo   
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    100  2595  100  2595    0     0   4451      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  4443
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# ls
    CentOS-Base.repo
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|$releasever|8|' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo  //把centos文件里的$releasever替换成8
    
    //配置epel源
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
    CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                957 kB/s | 2.3 MB     00:02   
    Installed:
      epel-release-8-10.el8.noarch                                                      
    
    Complete!
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# ls
    CentOS-Base.repo   epel-playground.repo  epel-testing-modular.repo  redhat.repo
    epel-modular.repo  epel.repo             epel-testing.repo
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
    [root@192 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|$releasever|8|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*  //把epel文件中所有的$releasever替换成8
    
    //清理yum缓存,建立缓存
    [root@192 ~]# yum clean all
    Updating Subscription Management repositories.
    Unable to read consumer identity
    This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
    17 files removed
    [root@192 ~]# yum makecache
    

    安装http

    1. 安装开发工具包
    [root@192 ~]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
    
    1. 创建apache服务和用户和组
    [root@192 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
    
    1. 安装依赖包
    [root@192 ~]# yum -y install bzip2 make openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ libxml2-devel
    
    1. 下载源码包
    [root@192 ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
    [root@192 ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
    [root@192 ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
    [root@192 ~]# ls
    anaconda-ks.cfg  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
    
    1. 安装apr
    [root@192 ~]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
    [root@192 ~]# cd apr-1.7.0
    [root@192 apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
    cfgfile=${ofile}T
        trap "$RM "$cfgfile"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    #    $RM "$cfgfile"   //删除这一行,或者#注释
    
    [root@192 apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
    [root@192 apr-1.7.0]# make
    [root@192 apr-1.7.0]# make install
    
    1. 安装apr-util
    [root@192 apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
    [root@192 apr-util-1.6.1]# make
    [root@192 apr-util-1.6.1]# make install
    
    
    1. 安装httpd
    [root@192 httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache 
    --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 
    --enable-so 
    --enable-ssl 
    --enable-cgi 
    --enable-rewrite 
    --with-zlib 
    --with-pcre 
    --with-apr=/usr/local/apr 
    --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ 
    --enable-modules=most 
    --enable-mpms-shared=all 
    --with-mpm=prefork
    [root@192 httpd-2.4.46]# make
    [root@192 httpd-2.4.46]# make install
    
    1. 配置apache
    [root@192 httpd-2.4.46]# cd
    [root@192 ~]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh  //配置环境变量
    [root@192 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
    [root@192 ~]# which apachectl  //查看apachectl命令
    /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
    [root@192 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
    
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man  //加上这行配置
    
    [root@192 ~]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf  //取消ServerName前面的注释
    [root@192 ~]# apachectl start   //启动apahce
    [root@192 ~]# ss -antl        //80端口已经启动了
    State     Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    
    LISTEN    0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                        *:80                      *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*       
    

    安装mysql

    1. 安装依赖包
    [root@192 ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs
    
    1. 创建mysql的用户和组
    [root@192 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
    
    1. 下载源码包
    [root@192 ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    [root@192 ~]# ls
    anaconda-ks.cfg   apr-util-1.6.1         httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
    apr-1.7.0         apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
    apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.46
    [root@192 ~]# 
    
    1. 解压mysql
    [root@192 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    
    1. 设置软链接并修改属主和属组
    [root@192 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    [root@192 ~]# ln -s  /usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
    [root@192 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql*
    [root@192 ~]# ll /usr/local/
    total 0
    drwxr-xr-x. 13 root  root  152 Jan  2 16:43 apache
    drwxr-xr-x.  6 root  root   58 Jan  2 16:30 apr
    drwxr-xr-x.  5 root  root   43 Jan  2 16:33 apr-util
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 bin
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 etc
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 games
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 include
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 lib
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 lib64
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 libexec
    lrwxrwxrwx.  1 mysql mysql  46 Jan  2 17:06 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    drwxr-xr-x.  9 mysql mysql 129 Jun  2  2020 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 sbin
    drwxr-xr-x.  5 root  root   49 Jan  2 15:06 share
    drwxr-xr-x.  2 root  root    6 Aug 12  2018 src
    
    1. 添加环境变量
    [root@192 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
    [root@192 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
    [root@192 ~]# which mysql  //可以看到有mysql命令
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
    
    1. 建立数据存放目录
    [root@192 ~]# mkdir /opt/data
    [root@192 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
    [root@192 ~]# ll /opt/
    total 0
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jan  2 17:07 data
    
    1. 初始化数据库
    [root@192 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
    2021-01-02T09:08:06.425204Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2021-01-02T09:08:06.574243Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
    2021-01-02T09:08:06.603296Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2021-01-02T09:08:06.663300Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 06dc94bf-4cda-11eb-9cfb-000c294ad3f8.
    2021-01-02T09:08:06.664151Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
    2021-01-02T09:08:07.785877Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
    2021-01-02T09:08:07.866512Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: T%&qOEqnN1UZ
    [root@192 ~]# echo 'T%&qOEqnN1UZ' > a //把密码保存到a等下方便查看
    
    1. 配置mysql
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    
    [mysqld]
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql   
    datadir = /opt/data
    socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    port = 3306
    pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
    user = mysql
    skip-name-resolve
    //配置以上8行配置
    #
    # This group is read both both by the client and the server
    # use it for options that affect everything
    #
    [client-server]
    
    #
    # include all files from the config directory
    #
    !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
    
    1. 配置服务启动脚本
    [root@192 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
    
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    datadir=/opt/data
    
    1. 启动mysql
    [root@192 ~]# service mysqld start
    Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/192.168.110.133.err'.
     SUCCESS! 
    [root@192 ~]# ss -antl  //可以看到3306端口
    State     Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    
    LISTEN    0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          80                         *:3306                    *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                        *:80                      *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*       
    [root@192 ~]# 
    
    
    1. 用刚刚的临时密码登录mysql,并设置新密码
    [root@192 ~]# cat a
    T%&qOEqnN1UZ
    [root@192 ~]# mysql -uroot -p'T%&qOEqnN1UZ'
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.7.31
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    //设置一个新密码
    mysql> set password = password('123456');   
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> quit
    Bye
    
    1. 修改完后继续配置文件
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
    #MANDATORY_MANPATH                      /usr/src/pvm3/man
    #
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man
    MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man  //加上这一行
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
    usr/local/mysql/lib      //添加这个配置
    [root@192 ~]# ldconfig  
    
    

    安装php

    1. 安装所需要的依赖包
    [root@192 ~]#  yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd
    
    
    1. 安装php
    [root@192 ~]# yum -y install php-*
    [root@192 ~]# which php
    /usr/bin/php
    [root@192 ~]# php -v   //查看php版本号
    PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2019 08:28:36) ( NTS )
    Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
    Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
        with Zend OPcache v7.2.24, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies
    
    1. 启动php
    [root@192 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
    

    配置apache

    1. 启用代理模块
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
    
    LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so   //取消注释
    #LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
    #LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
    #LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
    LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so  //取消注释
    
    1. 编辑www.conf
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
    ; Note: This value is mandatory.
    ;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock  //前面加上;
    listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
    [root@192 ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm  //重启服务
    [root@192 ~]# ss -antl    //本机ip端口起来了
    State     Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    
    LISTEN    0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                127.0.0.1:9000              0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          80                         *:3306                    *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                        *:80                      *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*       
    [root@192 ~]# 
    
    
    1. 创建虚机主机目录并生成php测试页面
    [root@192 htdocs]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/html
    [root@192 htdocs]# ls
    html  index.html
    
    [root@192 ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/html/index.php
    
    <?php
        phpinfo();
    ?>
    [root@192 ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/  //修改属主和属组
    [root@192 ~]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
    total 4
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 23 Jan  2 17:56 html
    -rw-r--r--. 1 apache apache 45 Jun 12  2007 index.html
    
    
    1. 配置虚拟主机
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf   //在最后一行加上配置
    <VirtualHost *:80>
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/html"
        ServerName www.leichen.com
        ProxyRequests Off    ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/html/$1
        <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/html">
            Options none
            AllowOverride none
            Require all granted
        </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>
    [root@192 ~]# apachectl restart   //重启
    [root@192 ~]# ss -antl
    State     Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    
    LISTEN    0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                127.0.0.1:9000              0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          80                         *:3306                    *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                        *:80                      *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*   
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf   
       # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
        # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
        #
        AddType application/x-compress .Z
        AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
        AddType application/x-httpd-php .php         //添加这行配置
        AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps  //添加这行配置
    [root@192 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
    # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
    # is requested.
    #
    <IfModule dir_module>
        DirectoryIndex index.php index.html  //添加index.php 优先访问前面的
    </IfModule>
    
    
    1. 重启apache服务,关闭防火墙
    [root@192 ~]# apachectl restart
    [root@192 ~]# ss -antl
    State     Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    
    LISTEN    0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                127.0.0.1:9000              0.0.0.0:*       
    LISTEN    0          80                         *:3306                    *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                        *:80                      *:*       
    LISTEN    0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*       
    [root@192 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
    [root@192 ~]# setenforce 0
     
    
    

    验证

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/leixixi/p/14223499.html
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