• 关于shm_open和shm_unlink的使用问题(要连接库的原因)


    关于shm_open和shm_unlink的使用问题
    referencefunctionobjectsystembehaviorlinux
    C programming in the UNIX environment的编程手册,一般都会为进程间用共享内存的方法通信提供两组方法:
    1.      POSIX定义的:
    int shm_open(const char *name, int oflag, mode_t mode);
    int shm_unlink(const char *name);
    int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length);
    2.      SYSTEM V定义的
    int shmget(key_t key, int size, int shmflg);
    void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);
    int shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
    int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
     
    由于POSIX标准比较通用,一般建议使用该标准定义的方法集。
    但是在使用shm_open和shm_unlink两个函数时,你可能遇到和我同样的问题,见如下代码。
    该代码旨在测试你的系统是否支持POSIX定义的共享内存函数集。
     
    /* This is just to test if the function is found in the libs. */
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <sys/mman.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
     
    int
    main (void)
    {
         int i;
     
         i = shm_open ("/tmp/shared", O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
         printf ("shm_open rc = %d/n", i);
        
         shm_unlink ("/tmp/shared");
     
         return (0);
    }
     
    假设它所在的文件为"test.c"
    我这么编译:
    gcc -o test test.c
    结果为:
    /tmp/ccaGhdRt.o(.text+0x23): In function `main':
    : undefined reference to `shm_open'
    /tmp/ccaGhdRt.o(.text+0x49): In function `main':
    : undefined reference to `shm_unlink'
    collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
     
    编译结果实际上是说,没include相应的头文件,或是头文件不存在(即系统不支持该库函数)
    但我man shm_open是可以找到帮助文件的(说明系统支持),原因何在???
     
    请注意一下man shm_open的帮助文件的最后几行:
    NOTES
           These functions are provided in glibc 2.2 and  later.   Programs  using
           these  functions  must  specify  the  -lrt  flag to cc in order to link
           against the required ("realtime") library.
     
           POSIX leaves the behavior of the combination of  O_RDONLY  and  O_TRUNC
           unspecified.   On  Linux,  this  will successfully truncate an existing
           shared memory object - this may not be so on other Unices.
     
           The POSIX shared memory object implementation on Linux 2.4 makes use of
    a dedicated file system, which is normally mounted under /dev/shm.
     
    如果你注意到的话,这样编译就能通过了:
    gcc -lrt -o test test.c
    http://blog.csdn.net/sky_cool/article/details/469970
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/leijiangtao/p/4064363.html
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