• CentOS yum配置


    一、yum 安装

    CentOS 默认已经安装了yum,不需要另外安装,这里为了实验目的,先将yum 卸载再重新安装。

    1、查看系统默认安装的yum

    # rpm -qa|grep yum

    2、卸载yum

    # rpm -e yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos

    3、重新安装yum

    这里可以通过wget 从网上下载相关包安装,也可以挂载系统安装光盘进行安装,这里选择挂载系统安装光盘进行安装。

    # mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

    # rpm -ivh yum-3.2.22-33.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-14.el5.centos.1.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5.centos.i386.rpm

    # yum -v

    yum 的基础安装包包括:

    • yum  //RPM installer/updater
    • yum-fastestmirror  //Yum plugin which chooses fastest repository from a mirrorlist
    • yum-metadata-parser  //A fast metadata parser for yum

    其他安装包根据自己需要安装。

    二、yum 配置

    yum 的配置文件分为两部分:main 和repository

    • main 部分定义了全局配置选项,整个yum 配置文件应该只有一个main。常位于/etc/yum.conf 中。
    • repository 部分定义了每个源/服务器的具体配置,可以有一到多个。常位于/etc/yum.repo.d 目录下的各文件中。

    yum.conf 文件一般位于/etc目录下,一般其中只包含main部分的配置选项。

    # cat /etc/yum.conf

    配置国内yum源

    系统默认的yum 源速度往往不尽人意,为了达到快速安装的目的,在这里修改yum源为国内源。

    上海交通大学yum源: http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos

    可以点击这个网址,然后找到你要安装的包:

    这里寻找你要的包, 
    1,选centos 
    2,选择系统版本7.3.1611/ 
    3,选择包类型(系统) os/ 
    4,系统位数 x86_64/ 
    5,包 Packages/ 
    6,ctrl+f 搜索yum 

    7、yum的安装需要:

    yum-plugin-fastestmirror 
    yum-updateonboot 
    yum-utils 
    yum-metadata-parser 
    yum-3.4.3-150.el7

    如需要安装yum包,可以用命令: (centos 7  所有版本的安装包都在centos/7/os 目录下面,而不是在 centos/7.XXX/下面)

    [root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm

    [root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
    [root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch.rpm
    [root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@localhost]#wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

    配置yum源

    a. 修改/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo为

    #released updates 
    [updates]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    
    #additional packages that may be useful
    [extras]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    
    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [centosplus]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    
    #contrib - packages by Centos Users
    [contrib]
    name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    

    关于变量

    • $releasever:代表发行版的版本,从[main]部分的distroverpkg获取,如果没有,则根据redhat-release包进行判断。
    • $arch:cpu体系,如i686,athlon等
    • $basearch:cpu的基本体系组,如i686和athlon同属i386,alpha和alphaev6同属alpha。

    清理之前源,保证只有一个配置文件

    [root@localhost]# yum clean all
    [root@localhost]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
    CentOS-Base.repo

    安装你需要的软件测试是否正常使用

    其他国内yum源列表如下:

    1. 企业贡献:
    搜狐开源镜像站:http://mirrors.sohu.com/
    网易开源镜像站:http://mirrors.163.com/

    2. 大学教学:
    北京理工大学:
    http://mirror.bit.edu.cn (IPv4 only)
    http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn (IPv6 only)
    北京交通大学:
    http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4 only)
    http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv6 only)
    http://debian.bjtu.edu.cn (IPv4+IPv6)
    兰州大学:http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/
    厦门大学:http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/
    清华大学:
    http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)
    http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)
    http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)
    天津大学:http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/
    中国科学技术大学:
    http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ (IPv4+IPv6)
    http://mirrors4.ustc.edu.cn/
    http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/
    东北大学:
    http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ (IPv4 only)
    http://mirror.neu6.edu.cn/ (IPv6 only)
    电子科技大学:http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/

    备注:

    我这里在Centos7.3.1611上配置yum源,测试可以使用的配置:

    # CentOS-Base.repo
    #
    # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
    # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
    # geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
    # unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
    #
    # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
    # remarked out baseurl= line instead.
    #
    #
    
    [base]
    name=CentOS-centos/7 - Base
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    #released updates 
    [updates]
    name=CentOS-centos/7 - Updates
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    #additional packages that may be useful
    [extras]
    name=CentOS-centos/7 - Extras
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [centosplus]
    name=CentOS-centos/7 - Plus
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    
    #contrib - packages by Centos Users
    [contrib]
    name=CentOS-centos/7 - Contrib
    #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=centos/7&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
    baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
    

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lei2017/p/7875899.html
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