(1)一般现在时,表示通常性,规律性,习惯性的状态或者动作。主语是单数第三人称时,动词有单三的变化,主语是非第三人称单数时,动词为原形。
一般现在时,动词单三变化: (1)在动词尾直接加 s, 如: play - plays .(2) 以字母 s, x, ch, 或 o 结尾的动词加 - es 如: guess - guesses. (3) 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词,先变 y 为 i, 再加 -es , 如: study - studyies
1. They often get up at 7:00
2. He often gets up at 7:00
一般现在时否定和疑问句用 do, does帮助构成。
1. He doesn't like the car
2. Does he like the car
Yes, he does / No, he doesn't
(2)一般过去时, 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性,经常性的行为。基本结构: 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它。 一般动词在动词后面加ed,还有一些不规则动词不规则变化。
play - played come - came
1. He worked very hard last night
2. They came here by car
动词一般过去式变化规则(1)一般在动词后加 ed 如: play - played (2)在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加 d 如: like - liked (3)在以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词后,变 y 为 i, 再
加 ed 如:supply - supplied (4)在以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加 ed 如: plan - planned
(3)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态,常常和表示将来的时间状语连用 如:torrow, next week, in the future
(1) 助动词 will或shall + 动词原形,表示将来发生的事情
1. They will go to Shanghai by ship torrow
2. We shall leave for Shanghai next month
(2) be going to 加动词原形, 用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为 打算 就要。
1. They are going to play football this afternoon
2. She is going to learn French next year
(3) be doing 表示位置转移的动词 如: go, come, leave, start, arrive,可用现在进行时表示将来
1. They are leaving for japan
2. She is arriving tomorrow
(4)现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。句中通常有now 等时间副词呼应,基本构成形式为 be + doing
1.They are watching TV
2. He is watching TV
3. I am watching TV
动词现在分词的变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在动词后加 ing 如: work - working
2. 动词以不发音的 e 结尾, 要去 e 加 ing 如: take - taking
3. 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加 ing 如: cut - cutting
4. 以 ie 结尾的动词, 变 y 再加 ing 如: lie - lying
现在进行时变否定句和疑问句时,将be动词否定或提前
1. They aren't watching TV
Are they watching TV?
2. He isn't watching TV.
Is he watching TV?
3. Am i watching TV?
Yes, you are. / No, you aren't
(5)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。 其形式为 was / were + doing
1. They were waiting for you
2. He was talking with his friends just now
(6)现在完成时(have + p. p.)动作过去发生,已经完成,对现在造成影响或后果,动作可能还会持续,可使用的时间状语为 already, yet
1. They have already arrived in Shanghai
2. She has played soccer for 3 hours
3. She hasn't finished the homework yet
(7)过去完成时(had + p.p.) 表示句中的动作发生在过去之前,即过去的过去,已经完成,对过去造成了一定的影响或后果。
1. They had arrived in Shanghai
2. She had played soccer for 3 hours
3. They hadn't finished the work yet