• 【Java基础】序列化与反序列化深入分析


    一、前言

      复习Java基础知识点的序列化与反序列化过程,整理了如下学习笔记。

    二、为什么需要序列化与反序列化

      程序运行时,只要需要,对象可以一直存在,并且我们可以随时访问对象的一些状态信息,如果程序终止,那么对象是肯定不会存在的,但是有时候,我们需要再程序终止时保存对象的状态信息,之后程序再次运行时可以重新恢复到之前的状态,如,玩家玩游戏退出时,需要保存玩家的状态信息(如等级、装备等等),之后玩家再此登入时,必须要恢复这些状态信息。我们可以通过数据库手段来达到这个保存状态的目的,在Java中,我们有更简便的方法进行处理,那就是序列化与反序列化。序列化是一种对象持久化的手段,反序列化与序列化相反,其是通过序列化后的信息重新组装成对象。序列化与反序列化普遍应用在网络传输、RMI等场景中。

    三、序列化概述

      3.1 序列化类结构图

      下面展示了与序列化相关的类的结构图

      说明:虚线框的表示接口类型,实线框表示具体的类。

      3.2 序列化关键字说明

      与序列化相关的关键字如下

      说明:

      1. 关键字transient,用来修饰字段,表示此字段在默认序列化过程中不会被处理,但是可以采用另外的手段进行处理。

      2. 关键字serialVersionUID,表示序列化版本号,当两个类的序列化ID一致时允许反序列化,默认可以采用编译器提供的值1L。

      3.3 序列化方法说明

      与序列化相关的方法如下

      说明:writeObject与readObject方法分别在ObjectOutput接口与ObjectInput接口中声明,在ObjectOutputStream与ObjectInputStream中实现。

    四、Serializable

      4.1 Serializable定义

      Serializable定义如下  

    public interface Serializable {
    }

      说明:Serializable为一个接口,并且没有任何字段和方法,仅仅作为一个标识。

      4.2 使用说明

      当序列化对象时,只需要将对象标记为可序列化,即实现接口Serializable即可。下面的Person类实现了Serializable接口。 

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class Person implements Serializable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
    
    
        public Person() {
            
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }
    }
    View Code

      Person类的friend字段设置为transient,表明不会被序列化,定义完Person类之后,我们即可以对Person类进行序列化与反序列化操作了,具体代码如下 

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    
    public class SerializableDemo {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            Person leesf = new Person();
            Person dyd = new Person();
            leesf.setAge(24);
            leesf.setGender("man");
            leesf.setName("leesf");
            
            dyd.setAge(24);
            dyd.setGender("woman");
            dyd.setName("dyd");    
            
            leesf.setFriend(dyd);
            dyd.setFriend(null);
            
            File file = new File("test");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
            oos.writeObject(leesf);
            oos.flush();
            oos.close();
            System.out.println(leesf);
                
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            leesf = (Person) ois.readObject();
            ois.close();    
            System.out.println(leesf);    
        }
    }
    View Code

      运行结果如下  

    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [null]

      说明:由于friend字段标记为transient,则默认序列化操作时不会进行序列化,反序列化后其值为null。

      4.3 问题说明

      1. Person类不实现Serializable接口

      若Person类不实现Serializable接口,进行序列化时,会发生什么,会出现如下异常。 

    Exception in thread "main" java.io.NotSerializableException:****

      表示Person没有实现Serializable接口,具体原因如下

      在调用writeObject方法后,会经过一系列的调用,具体的调用栈如下

      说明:截取了writeObject0函数中的一段代码,可以看到会检查该对象是否是Serializable类型,不是,则会抛出异常。

      2. 处理transient对象

      当字段被transient修饰时,采用默认的序列化机制将不会对其进行处理,但是,如果要序列化transient字段时,如何做呢,可以在要进行序列化的类中添加writeObject和readObject方法,其方法签名如下 

    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream stream) throws IOException
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException

      说明:注意,writeObject与readObject是采用private修饰符修饰的,说明,此方法只能在该类的其他方法中被调用,其他类中不能调用此方法,那么当调用ObjectOutputStream的writeObject方法时,如何调用到此方法来执行用户自定义处理逻辑的呢,答案是反射。利用反射可以在别的类中调用到此类中私有的方法,反射很强大。

      利用这个方法,我们修改Person类如下  

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class Person implements Serializable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
    
    
        public Person() {
            
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }
    
        private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream stream) 
                throws IOException {
            stream.defaultWriteObject();
            stream.writeObject(friend);
        }
        
        private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream) 
                throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            stream.defaultReadObject();
            friend = (Person) stream.readObject();
        }
    }
    View Code

      测试类的代码不做修改,运行结果如下  

    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]

      说明:在实现自定义的逻辑时,在writeObject方法中可以调用defaultWriteObject()方法实现默认序列化(序列化非transient字段),可以单独处理transient关键字;在readObject方法中可以调用defaultReadObject()方法实现默认反序列化,可以单独处理transient关键字(需要赋值)。值得注意的是,writeObject方法中defaultWriteObject和处理transient关键字的逻辑必须与readObject中defaultReadObject和处理transient关键字的逻辑顺序一致,否则会抛出异常。

      在调用writeObject方法后,会经过一系列的调用,具体的调用栈如下

      说明:经过反射,最终会调用到在Person类中定义的writeObject方法。readObject方法的调用可以以此类比,不再累赘。

    五、Externalizable

      除了使用Serializable接口进行序列化以外,还可以使用Externalizable接口来进行序列化。

      5.1 Externalizable定义

      Externalizable的定义如下  

    public interface Externalizable extends java.io.Serializable {
        void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException;
        void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException;
    }

      说明:Externalizable实现了Serializable接口,并且添加了两个方法writeExternal与readExternal,需要序列化的类需要实现Externalizable接口,并且重写接口中定义的两个方法。

      5.2 使用说明

      首先将序列化的类实现Externalizable接口并且重写writeExternal与readExternal方法,并在这两个方法中实现处理逻辑。我们定义Person类如下

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Externalizable;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.ObjectInput;
    import java.io.ObjectOutput;
    
    public class Person implements Externalizable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
        
        public Person() {
            
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }
    
        @Override
        public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
            out.writeUTF(name);
            out.writeUTF(gender);
            out.writeInt(age);
            out.writeObject(friend);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,
                ClassNotFoundException {
            name = in.readUTF();
            gender = in.readUTF();
            age = in.readInt();
            friend = (Person) in.readObject();        
        }    
    }
    View Code

      说明:Person类实现了Externalizable接口,重写了writeExternal与readExternal方法,并且实现了用户自定义序列化与反序列化逻辑。测试类代码不变,运行结果如下: 

    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]

      说明:从结果可知,成功进行了序列化与反序列化过程。值得注意的是,我们必须要给Person类提供一个无参构造器,才能正确完成序列化与反序列化过程。否则会抛出如下异常

      修改Person类如下

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Externalizable;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.ObjectInput;
    import java.io.ObjectOutput;
    
    public class Person implements Externalizable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
        
        public Person(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }
    
        @Override
        public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
            out.writeUTF(name);
            out.writeUTF(gender);
            out.writeInt(age);
            out.writeObject(friend);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,
                ClassNotFoundException {
            name = in.readUTF();
            gender = in.readUTF();
            age = in.readInt();
            friend = (Person) in.readObject();        
        }    
    }
    View Code

      说明:提供一个参数的构造函数,没有无参构造函数,修改测试类代码如下  

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    
    public class SerializableDemo {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            Person leesf = new Person("leesf");
            Person dyd = new Person("dyd");
            leesf.setAge(24);
            leesf.setGender("man");
            leesf.setName("leesf");
            
            dyd.setAge(24);
            dyd.setGender("woman");
            dyd.setName("dyd");    
            
            leesf.setFriend(dyd);
            dyd.setFriend(null);
            
            File file = new File("test");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
            oos.writeObject(leesf);
            oos.flush();
            oos.close();
            System.out.println(leesf);
                
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            leesf = (Person) ois.readObject();
            ois.close();    
            System.out.println(leesf);    
        }
    }
    View Code

      运行结果如下

    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException: com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person; no valid constructor
        at java.io.ObjectStreamClass$ExceptionInfo.newInvalidClassException(ObjectStreamClass.java:150)
        at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.checkDeserialize(ObjectStreamClass.java:768)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1775)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1351)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:371)
        at com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.SerializableDemo.main(SerializableDemo.java:32)

      说明:在反序列化的过程抛出了异常,可以看出是Person类没有合法的构造器,合法的构造器就是指无参构造器。当提供了无参构造器之后,就可以正确运行。

      5.3 问题说明

      1. Externalizable,writeObject与readObject方法

      如果Person类实现了Externalizable接口,并且在Person类中添加了writeObject与readObject方法,那么在进行序列化与反序列化时,是以哪种方法为准呢,修改Person类如下

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Externalizable;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.ObjectInput;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutput;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    
    public class Person implements Externalizable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
        
        public Person() {
            
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }
    
        @Override
        public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
            System.out.println("use writeExternal method");
            out.writeUTF(name);
            out.writeUTF(gender);
            out.writeInt(age);
            out.writeObject(friend);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,
                ClassNotFoundException {
            System.out.println("use readExternal method");
            name = in.readUTF();
            gender = in.readUTF();
            age = in.readInt();
            friend = (Person) in.readObject();        
        }    
        
        private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream stream) 
                throws IOException {
            System.out.println("use writeObject method");
            stream.defaultWriteObject();
            stream.writeObject(friend);
        }
        
        private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream) 
                throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            System.out.println("use readObject method");
            stream.defaultReadObject();
            friend = (Person) stream.readObject();
        }
    }
    View Code

      说明:在方法中添加了打印语句,这样就可以轻易判别采用的何种方式。测试类代码如下  

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    
    public class SerializableDemo {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            Person leesf = new Person();
            Person dyd = new Person();
            leesf.setAge(24);
            leesf.setGender("man");
            leesf.setName("leesf");
            
            dyd.setAge(24);
            dyd.setGender("woman");
            dyd.setName("dyd");    
            
            leesf.setFriend(dyd);
            dyd.setFriend(null);
            
            File file = new File("test");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
            oos.writeObject(leesf);
            oos.flush();
            oos.close();
            System.out.println(leesf);
                
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            leesf = (Person) ois.readObject();
            ois.close();    
            System.out.println(leesf);    
        }
    }
    View Code

      运行结果

    use writeExternal method
    use writeExternal method
    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    use readExternal method
    use readExternal method
    name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]

      说明:从结果可以看出,是以Externalizable接口中定义的两个方法进行序列化与反序列化的,这时,读者可能又会有另外一个疑问,那就是为什么会打印两次呢?答案是因为该方法被调用了两次,因为Person类有一个Person域,会导致调用两次。

      2. 处理transient字段

      可以在writeExternal与readExternal方法中实现自定义逻辑,对transient字段进行序列化与反序列化。

    六、序列化问题

      6.1 采用默认序列化机制,类的静态字段会被序列化吗?

      采用默认序列化机制进行序列化时,类的静态字段会被序列化吗,此时类的静态字段不会被序列化,当然,我们可以采用自定义序列化逻辑对静态变量进行序列化。

      6.2 父类序列化问题

      采用默认序列化机制序列化子类时,其父类的字段会被序列化吗?可以分为如下情形

      1. 父类没有实现Serializable接口,没有提供默认构造函数

      这时,反序列化会出错,提示没有提供正确的构造函数。修改Person类,代码如下

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    class Human {
        private int number;
        
        public Human(int number) {
            this.number = number;
        }
        
        public int getNumber() {
            return number;
        }
        
        public void setNumber(int number) {
            this.number = number;
        }
        
        public String toString() {
            return "number = " + number;
        }
    }
    
    public class Person extends Human implements Serializable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
        
        
        
        
        public Person(int number, String name) {
            super(number);
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return super.toString() + ", name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }    
    }
    View Code

      测试类的的代码如下 

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    
    public class SerializableDemo {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            Person leesf = new Person(1, "leesf");
            Person dyd = new Person(2, "dyd");
            leesf.setAge(24);
            leesf.setGender("man");
            leesf.setName("leesf");
            
            dyd.setAge(24);
            dyd.setGender("woman");
            dyd.setName("dyd");    
            
            leesf.setFriend(dyd);
            dyd.setFriend(null);
            
            File file = new File("test");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
            oos.writeObject(leesf);
            oos.flush();
            oos.close();
            System.out.println(leesf);
                        
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
            leesf = (Person) ois.readObject();
            ois.close();    
            System.out.println(leesf);    
        }
    }
    View Code

      运行结果 

    number = 1, name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [number = 2, name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException: com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person; no valid constructor
        at java.io.ObjectStreamClass$ExceptionInfo.newInvalidClassException(ObjectStreamClass.java:150)
        at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.checkDeserialize(ObjectStreamClass.java:768)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1775)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1351)
        at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:371)
        at com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.SerializableDemo.main(SerializableDemo.java:32)

      说明:可以看出是没有提供合法的构造函数。

      2. 父类没有实现Serializable接口,提供默认构造函数

      第一步中出现了错误,此时,我们修改Person类,代码如下  

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    class Human {
        private int number;
        public Human() {
            
        }
        public Human(int number) {
            this.number = number;
        }
        
        public int getNumber() {
            return number;
        }
        
        public void setNumber(int number) {
            this.number = number;
        }
        
        public String toString() {
            return "number = " + number;
        }
    }
    public class Person extends Human implements Serializable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
        
        public Person() {
            super();
        }
        
        public Person(int number, String name) {
            super(number);
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return super.toString() + ", name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }    
    }
    View Code

      说明:给Human类提供了无参构造函数。测试类代码不变,运行结果如下

    number = 1, name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [number = 2, name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    number = 0, name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [null]

      说明:此时,我们可以看到,可以进行反序列化了,但是父类的number字段被赋值为int的默认值0,Person类的transient字段没有被序列化。

      3. 父类实现Serializable接口

      当父类实现Serializable接口时,修改Person类代码如下 

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    class Human implements Serializable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private int number;
        public Human() {
            
        }
        public Human(int number) {
            this.number = number;
        }
        
        public int getNumber() {
            return number;
        }
        
        public void setNumber(int number) {
            this.number = number;
        }
        
        public String toString() {
            return "number = " + number;
        }
    }
    public class Person extends Human implements Serializable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
        
        public Person() {
            super();
        }
        
        public Person(int number, String name) {
            super(number);
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return super.toString() + ", name = " + name + ", gender = " + gender + ", age = " + age
                    + ", friend info is [" + friend + "]";
        }    
    }
    View Code

      测试类的代码不变,运行结果如下 

    number = 1, name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [number = 2, name = dyd, gender = woman, age = 24, friend info is [null]]
    number = 1, name = leesf, gender = man, age = 24, friend info is [null]

      说明:从结果可知,已经可以进行正确的序列化与反序列化了,子类的transient字段没有被序列化。

      6.3 共享对象序列化问题  

      当序列化的两个对象都包含另外一个对象的引用时,在反序列化时,另外一个对象只会出现一次吗?修改Person类代码如下  

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class Person implements Serializable {
        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        private String name;
        private String gender;
        private int age;
        private transient Person friend;
        
        public Person() {
            
        }
        
        public Person(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getGender() {
            return gender;
        }
    
        public void setGender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
        }
    
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }
        
        public void setFriend(Person friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }
    }
    View Code

      测试类代码如下 

    package com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable;
    
    import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class SerializableDemo {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            Person leesf = new Person("leesf");    
            Person dyd = new Person("dyd");
            Person lr = new Person("lr");
            leesf.setAge(24);
            leesf.setGender("man");
            
            dyd.setAge(24);
            dyd.setGender("woman");
            
            lr.setAge(25);
            lr.setGender("man");
            
            leesf.setFriend(dyd);
            lr.setFriend(dyd);
            dyd.setFriend(null);
            
            List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
            persons.add(leesf);
            persons.add(dyd);
            persons.add(lr);
            
            ByteArrayOutputStream bos1 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ByteArrayOutputStream bos2 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            
            ObjectOutputStream oos1 = new ObjectOutputStream(bos1);
            oos1.writeObject(persons);
            oos1.writeObject(persons);
            
            ObjectOutputStream oos2 = new ObjectOutputStream(bos2);
            oos2.writeObject(persons);
            
            ByteArrayInputStream bis1 = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos1.toByteArray());
            ByteArrayInputStream bis2 = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos2.toByteArray());
            
            ObjectInputStream ois1 = new ObjectInputStream(bis1);
            ObjectInputStream ois2 = new ObjectInputStream(bis2);
            
            List<Person> persons1 = (List<Person>) ois1.readObject();
            List<Person> persons2 = (List<Person>) ois1.readObject();
            List<Person> persons3 = (List<Person>) ois2.readObject();
            
            System.out.println(persons1);
            System.out.println(persons2);
            System.out.println(persons3);    
        }
    }
    View Code

      运行结果如下  

    [com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@7f31245a, com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@6d6f6e28, com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@135fbaa4]
    [com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@7f31245a, com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@6d6f6e28, com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@135fbaa4]
    [com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@45ee12a7, com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@330bedb4, com.hust.grid.leesf.serializable.Person@2503dbd3]

      说明:从结果可知,oos1执行的writeObject是向同一个内存空间写了两次,从结果可看出,两次写入的对象的地址空间都是一样的,即进行了浅拷贝。而oos2执行的writeObject是向另外一个内存空间写了一次,从结果可看出,因为对象的地址不同于之前的对象地址,即采用了深拷贝。

    七、总结

      写到这里,关于Java中的序列化与反序列化机制就已经分析完了,经过此次分析,对序列化机制的认识更加深刻。学习一个知识点,就要认认真真,踏踏实实的弄懂一个知识点,写博客就是一个特别好的方式。谢谢各位园友的观看~

    参考链接

    http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/18989711/

    http://www.hollischuang.com/archives/1140

      

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/leesf456/p/5328466.html
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