WPF DataGrid 控件的运用
运行环境:Window7 64bit,.NetFramework4.61,C# 6.0; 编者:乌龙哈里 2017-02-23
参考:
章节:
- 添加列和数据源
- 选择单位设置
- 自动添加行号
- Enter 键做成 Tab 键的效果
- 同步更新数据源
- 在选中 Cell 所在行上插入新行或删除选中 Cell 的所在行
- 获取选中单元格的值
正文:
一、添加列和数据源:
我们往一个 DataGrid 中添加数据源 List< int[] >,注意要在 XAML 代码中把自动添加列的属性给设成 False, AutoGenerateColumns="False" 。
示例1:
C# 代码片段:
List<int[]> list = new List<int[]>();
list.Add(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
list.Add(new int[] { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 });
list.Add(new int[] { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 });
int _col = list[0].Length;
int _row = list.Count;
for (int i = 0; i < _col; i++)
{
dtgShow.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn
{
Width = (Width - 30) / _col,
Header = $"{(char)(65+i)}",
Binding=new Binding($"[{i.ToString()}]")
});
}
dtgShow.ItemsSource = list;
前端 XAML 片段:
<DataGrid Name="dtgShow" AutoGenerateColumns="False" Margin="3" Grid.Row="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"/>
二、选择单位设置:
DataGrid 的选择单位有3种,整行、单个 Cell 、单个 Cell 和 点行头选择整行。DataGrid 缺省状态是整行。我喜欢用第3种。
示例2:
C# 代码片段:
private void GetComboBoxSource()
{
//cbbSelectMode 为 ComboBox 控件实例
cbbSelectMode.Items.Add(DataGridSelectionUnit.Cell);
cbbSelectMode.Items.Add(DataGridSelectionUnit.FullRow);
cbbSelectMode.Items.Add(DataGridSelectionUnit.CellOrRowHeader);
}
private void cbbSelectMode_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
dtgShow.SelectionUnit = (DataGridSelectionUnit)cbbSelectMode.SelectedValue;
}
前端 Xaml 片段:
<ComboBox Name="cbbSelectMode" Margin="2" SelectionChanged="cbbSelectMode_SelectionChanged"/>
运行结果如图:
三、自动添加行号:
直接在 DataGrid 的 LoadingRow() 事件中写:
示例3:
C# 代码片段:
private void dtgShow_LoadingRow(object sender, DataGridRowEventArgs e)
{
e.Row.Header = e.Row.GetIndex() + 1;
}
四、Enter 键做成 Tab 键的效果:
当 DataGrid 选择单位不是 FullRow 时,Enter 键后选择是下一行的 Cell,而选择下一个 Cell 用的是 Tab 键,对输入带来很大的不便。上面的参考中,流泉飞石的写法很简单(要把 KeyDown 事件换成 PreviewKeyDown),但不完美,显示效果不好,原先鼠标选择的蓝色方块并不会跟随回车键跳到下一个 Cell 上,要左右箭头动了才会动。Stackoverflow 论坛上有个 Using Enter Key as Tab in WPF DataGrid ,但选择项为 FullRow 时会出错,进入 Cell 的编辑状态回车就跳不出来了。看来还是流泉飞石的好。暂时先这样用了,以后再找更完美的。
示例4:
//Enter 达到 Tab 的效果
private void dtgShow_PreviewKeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
{
var uie = e.OriginalSource as UIElement;
if (e.Key == Key.Enter)
{
uie.MoveFocus(new TraversalRequest(FocusNavigationDirection.Next));
e.Handled = true;
}
}
运行效果图,后面蓝色方块动是我左右键输入才动的:
五、同步更新数据源:
如果 DataGrid 里面的数据更新了,数据源数据也同步更新,最简单的做法就是用 ObservableCollection<T> 类,记得要在前面 using System.Collections.ObjectModel; 要不要手工写通知的程序,有点麻烦。不多说了,上示例:
示例5:
C#代码片段:
List<int[]> list = new List<int[]>();
ObservableCollection<int[]> showdata = new ObservableCollection<int[]>();
//---原始数据源到显示数据源
private void GetShowData()
{
showdata.Clear();
foreach (var a in list)
{
showdata.Add(a);
}
dtgShow.ItemsSource = showdata;
}
//---显示数据到原始数据
private void GetRawData()
{
list.Clear();
foreach (var a in showdata)
{
list.Add(a);
}
}
//---给lbxData(ListBox) 添加数据
private void GetListBoxSource()
{
lbxData.Items.Clear();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var a in list)
{
sb.Clear();
foreach (var b in a)
{
sb.Append(b.ToString());
sb.Append(" ");
}
lbxData.Items.Add(sb.ToString());
}
}
//---切换 DataGrid 和 ListBox
private void chkResult_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
CheckBox chk = (CheckBox)sender;
if (chk.IsChecked==true)
{
dtgShow.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
lbxData.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
GetRawData();
GetListBoxSource();
}
else
{
lbxData.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden;
dtgShow.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
GetShowData();
}
}
Xaml 代码片段:
<Grid >
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="24"/>
<RowDefinition Height="5*"/>
<RowDefinition Height="1*"/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="1*"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="1*"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<CheckBox Name="chkResult" Content="查看数据" Margin="3" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Click="chkResult_Click" />
<ListBox Name="lbxData" Visibility="Hidden" Grid.Row="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"/>
<ComboBox Name="cbbSelectMode" Margin="2" SelectionChanged="cbbSelectMode_SelectionChanged"/>
<DataGrid Name="dtgShow" AutoGenerateColumns="False" Margin="3" Grid.Row="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" LoadingRow="dtgShow_LoadingRow" PreviewKeyDown="dtgShow_PreviewKeyDown" />
<Button Content="Add" Margin="3" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0"/>
<Button Content="Remove" Margin="3" Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1"/>
</Grid>
六、在选中 Cell 的所在行上插入新行或删除选中的 Cell 所在行:
要解决这个主要就是找到所选 Cell 的行列序号,直接上程序:
示例6:
//增加新行
private void btnAppend_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
showdata.Add(new int[dtgShow.Columns.Count]);
}
//删除末行
private void btnRemoveLast_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (showdata.Count > 0)
{
showdata.RemoveAt(showdata.Count - 1);
}
}
//---取得选中 Cell 所在的行列
private bool GetCellXY(DataGrid dg, ref int rowIndex, ref int columnIndex)
{
var _cells = dg.SelectedCells;
if (_cells.Any())
{
rowIndex = dg.Items.IndexOf(_cells.First().Item);
columnIndex = _cells.First().Column.DisplayIndex;
return true;
}
return false;
}
//在选中 Cell 所在行上插入新行
private void btnInsert_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
int _rowIndex = 0;
int _columnIndex = 0;
if(GetCellXY(dtgShow,ref _rowIndex,ref _columnIndex))
{
showdata.Insert(_rowIndex, new int[dtgShow.Columns.Count]);
}
}
//删除选中 Cell 所在行
private void btnRemoveSelect_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
int _rowIndex = 0;
int _columnIndex = 0;
if (GetCellXY(dtgShow, ref _rowIndex, ref _columnIndex))
{
showdata.RemoveAt(_rowIndex);
}
}
七、获取选中单元格的值
方法一:在上面的示例6中知道了 Cell 的行列,通过 DataGrid 的绑定数据源取得数据;
方法二:DataGrid 每个单元格都是一个 TextBlock 控件,只要取得 TextBlock.Text 就能得到它的 String 值。
下面示例中,我们只需要显示数据,并不需要处理,所以选择方法二来运作。
示例7:
//---获取所有的选中cell 的值
private string GetSelectedCellsValue(DataGrid dg)
{
var cells = dg.SelectedCells;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (cells.Any())
{
foreach(var cell in cells)
{
sb.Append((cell.Column.GetCellContent(cell.Item) as TextBlock).Text);
sb.Append(" ");
}
}
return sb.ToString();
}
//---显示选中单元格的值
private void dtgShow_SelectedCellsChanged(object sender, SelectedCellsChangedEventArgs e)
{
tbxSelect.Text = GetSelectedCellsValue(dtgShow);
}
到此为止,DataGrid 的基本功能基本上摸得七七八八了,哦,还有一个功能是点击列的标题,DataGrid 会自动排序,不用自己实现了,真方便。剩下的像 样式之类的涉及到控件的 DataTemplate 之类的就另外开篇了。这篇也太长了。
下面附上全部的代码:
Xaml 代码:
1 <Window x:Class="学习WpfDataGrid1.MainWindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 mc:Ignorable="d" 7 Title="MainWindow" Height="300" Width="250"> 8 <Grid > 9 <Grid.RowDefinitions> 10 <RowDefinition Height="24"/> 11 <RowDefinition Height="5*"/> 12 <RowDefinition Height="1*"/> 13 <RowDefinition Height="1*"/> 14 <RowDefinition Height="1*"/> 15 </Grid.RowDefinitions> 16 <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> 17 <ColumnDefinition Width="1*"/> 18 <ColumnDefinition Width="1*"/> 19 </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> 20 <CheckBox Name="chkResult" Content="查看数据" Margin="3" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Click="chkResult_Click" /> 21 <ListBox Name="lbxData" Visibility="Hidden" Grid.Row="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"/> 22 <ComboBox Name="cbbSelectMode" Margin="2" SelectionChanged="cbbSelectMode_SelectionChanged"/> 23 <DataGrid Name="dtgShow" AutoGenerateColumns="False" Margin="3" Grid.Row="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" LoadingRow="dtgShow_LoadingRow" PreviewKeyDown="dtgShow_PreviewKeyDown" SelectedCellsChanged="dtgShow_SelectedCellsChanged" /> 24 <TextBox Name="tbxSelect" Grid.Row="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"/> 25 <Button Name="btnAppend" Content="Append" Margin="3" Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Click="btnAppend_Click" /> 26 <Button Name="btnRemoveLast" Content="Remove Last" Margin="3" Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Click="btnRemoveLast_Click"/> 27 <Button Name="btnInsert" Content="Insert" Margin="3" Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="0" Click="btnInsert_Click" /> 28 <Button Name="btnRemoveSelect" Content="Remove Selected" Margin="3" Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Click="btnRemoveSelect_Click" /> 29 </Grid> 30 </Window>
C# 代码:
1 using System.Collections.Generic; 2 using System.Collections.ObjectModel; 3 using System.Data; 4 using System.Linq; 5 using System.Text; 6 using System.Windows; 7 using System.Windows.Controls; 8 using System.Windows.Data; 9 using System.Windows.Input; 10 11 namespace 学习WpfDataGrid1 12 { 13 /// <summary> 14 /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑 15 /// </summary> 16 public partial class MainWindow : Window 17 { 18 List<int[]> list = new List<int[]>(); 19 ObservableCollection<int[]> showdata = new ObservableCollection<int[]>(); 20 21 public MainWindow() 22 { 23 InitializeComponent(); 24 AddSource(); 25 GetComboBoxSource(); 26 GetShowData(); 27 } 28 //---原始数据源到显示数据源 29 private void GetShowData() 30 { 31 showdata.Clear(); 32 foreach (var a in list) 33 { 34 showdata.Add(a); 35 } 36 dtgShow.ItemsSource = showdata; 37 } 38 //---显示数据到原始数据 39 private void GetRawData() 40 { 41 list.Clear(); 42 foreach (var a in showdata) 43 { 44 list.Add(a); 45 } 46 } 47 //---添加 ComboBox 数据源 48 private void GetComboBoxSource() 49 { 50 //cbbSelectMode 为 ComboBox 控件实例 51 cbbSelectMode.Items.Add(DataGridSelectionUnit.Cell); 52 cbbSelectMode.Items.Add(DataGridSelectionUnit.FullRow); 53 cbbSelectMode.Items.Add(DataGridSelectionUnit.CellOrRowHeader); 54 cbbSelectMode.SelectedIndex = 2; 55 56 } 57 //---DataGrid 选择方式 58 private void cbbSelectMode_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e) 59 { 60 dtgShow.SelectionUnit = (DataGridSelectionUnit)cbbSelectMode.SelectedValue; 61 } 62 //---添加 DataGrid 数据源 63 private void AddSource() 64 { 65 list.Add(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }); 66 list.Add(new int[] { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }); 67 list.Add(new int[] { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }); 68 69 int _col = list[0].Length; 70 //int _row = list.Count; 71 for (int i = 0; i < _col; i++) 72 { 73 dtgShow.Columns.Add(new DataGridTextColumn 74 { 75 Width = (Width - 38) / _col, 76 Header = $"{(char)(65 + i)}", 77 Binding = new Binding($"[{i.ToString()}]") 78 }); 79 } 80 } 81 //---自动添加行号 82 private void dtgShow_LoadingRow(object sender, DataGridRowEventArgs e) 83 { 84 e.Row.Header = e.Row.GetIndex() + 1; 85 } 86 //---Enter 达到 Tab 的效果 87 private void dtgShow_PreviewKeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) 88 { 89 var uie = e.OriginalSource as UIElement; 90 if (e.Key == Key.Enter) 91 { 92 uie.MoveFocus(new TraversalRequest(FocusNavigationDirection.Next)); 93 e.Handled = true; 94 } 95 } 96 //---给lbxData(ListBox) 添加数据 97 private void GetListBoxSource() 98 { 99 lbxData.Items.Clear(); 100 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 101 foreach (var a in list) 102 { 103 sb.Clear(); 104 foreach (var b in a) 105 { 106 sb.Append(b.ToString()); 107 sb.Append(" "); 108 } 109 lbxData.Items.Add(sb.ToString()); 110 } 111 } 112 //---切换 DataGrid 和 ListBox 113 private void chkResult_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 114 { 115 CheckBox chk = (CheckBox)sender; 116 if (chk.IsChecked == true) 117 { 118 dtgShow.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden; 119 lbxData.Visibility = Visibility.Visible; 120 GetRawData(); 121 GetListBoxSource(); 122 } 123 else 124 { 125 lbxData.Visibility = Visibility.Hidden; 126 dtgShow.Visibility = Visibility.Visible; 127 GetShowData(); 128 } 129 } 130 //增加新行 131 private void btnAppend_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 132 { 133 showdata.Add(new int[dtgShow.Columns.Count]); 134 } 135 //删除末行 136 private void btnRemoveLast_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 137 { 138 if (showdata.Count > 0) 139 { 140 showdata.RemoveAt(showdata.Count - 1); 141 } 142 } 143 //---取得选中 Cell 所在的行列 144 private bool GetCellXY(DataGrid dg, ref int rowIndex, ref int columnIndex) 145 { 146 var _cells = dg.SelectedCells; 147 if (_cells.Any()) 148 { 149 rowIndex = dg.Items.IndexOf(_cells.First().Item); 150 columnIndex = _cells.First().Column.DisplayIndex; 151 return true; 152 } 153 return false; 154 } 155 //在选中 Cell 所在行上插入新行 156 private void btnInsert_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 157 { 158 int _rowIndex = 0; 159 int _columnIndex = 0; 160 if (GetCellXY(dtgShow, ref _rowIndex, ref _columnIndex)) 161 { 162 showdata.Insert(_rowIndex, new int[dtgShow.Columns.Count]); 163 } 164 } 165 //删除选中 Cell 所在行 166 private void btnRemoveSelect_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 167 { 168 int _rowIndex = 0; 169 int _columnIndex = 0; 170 if (GetCellXY(dtgShow, ref _rowIndex, ref _columnIndex)) 171 { 172 showdata.RemoveAt(_rowIndex); 173 } 174 } 175 //---获取所有的选中cell 的值 176 private string GetSelectedCellsValue(DataGrid dg) 177 { 178 var cells = dg.SelectedCells; 179 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 180 if (cells.Any()) 181 { 182 foreach(var cell in cells) 183 { 184 sb.Append((cell.Column.GetCellContent(cell.Item) as TextBlock).Text); 185 sb.Append(" "); 186 } 187 } 188 return sb.ToString(); 189 } 190 //---显示选中单元格的值 191 private void dtgShow_SelectedCellsChanged(object sender, SelectedCellsChangedEventArgs e) 192 { 193 tbxSelect.Text = GetSelectedCellsValue(dtgShow); 194 } 195 } 196 }