• Rabbitmq基本API使用


    一、生产者
    1. 创建ConnectionFactory工厂(地址、用户名、密码、vhost)
    2. 创建Connection
    3. 创建信道(Channel)
    4. 创建 exchange(指定 名称、类型-DIRECT("direct"), FANOUT("fanout"), TOPIC("topic"), HEADERS("headers");、是否持久化)
    5. 发送消息(指定:exchange、发送的routingKey , 发送到的消息 )
           
    基础的生产者: 
    public class TestProducer {
    
    
        public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
        public static void main(String[] args)
                throws IOException, TimeoutException {
            /* 创建连接,连接到RabbitMQ*/
            ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
            connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.112.131");
            connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("my_vhost");
            connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
            connectionFactory.setPassword("admin");
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
    
    
            /*创建信道*/
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            /*创建交换器*/
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");
            //channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
    
    
            /*日志消息级别,作为路由键使用*/
            String[] routekeys = {"king","queue","prince"};
            for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
                String routekey = routekeys[i%3];
                String msg = "Hellol,RabbitMq"+(i+1);
                /*发布消息,需要参数:交换器,路由键,其中以日志消息级别为路由键*/
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey,null,
                        msg.getBytes());
                System.out.println("Sent "+routekey+":"+msg);
            }
            channel.close();
            connection.close();
        }
    }
    View Code
    二、消费者
    1. 创建ConnectionFactory工厂(地址、用户名、密码、vhost)
    2. 创建Connection
    3. 创建信道(Channel)
    4. 声明一个 exchange(指定 名称、类型、是否持久化)
    5. 创建一个队列(指定:名称,是否持久化,是否独占,是否自动删除,其他参数)
    6. 队列、exchange通过routeKey进行绑定
    7. 消费者接收消息(队列名称,是否自动ACK)
        基本的消费者:

        

    public class TestConsumer {
        public static void main(String[] argv)
                throws IOException, TimeoutException {
            ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
            factory.setHost("192.168.112.131");
            factory.setVirtualHost("my_vhost");
            factory.setUsername("admin");
            factory.setPassword("admin");
            // 打开连接和创建频道,与发送端一样
            Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.exchangeDeclare(TestProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME,
                    "direct");
            /*声明一个队列*/
            String queueName = "focuserror";
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,
                    false,null);
    
            /*绑定,将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
            String routekey = "king";/*表示只关注error级别的日志消息*/
            channel.queueBind(queueName,TestProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey);
            System.out.println("waiting for message........");
            /*声明了一个消费者*/
            final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                           Envelope envelope,
                                           AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                           byte[] body) throws IOException {
                    String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("Received["+envelope.getRoutingKey()
                            +"]"+message);
                }
            };
            /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
            channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer);
        }
    }
    View Code
    三、消息持久化
    1.  exchange 需要持久化
    2. 发送消息设置参数为 MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN
    3. 队列需要设置参数为持久化
    1、//TODO 创建持久化交换器 durable=true
    channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct",true);
    
    2、//TODO 发布持久化的消息(delivery-mode=2)
    channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey,
            MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,
            msg.getBytes());
    
    3、//TODO 声明一个持久化队列(durable=true)
    // autoDelete=true 消费者停止了,则队列会自动删除
    //exclusive=true独占队列,只能有一个消费者消费
    String queueName = "msgdurable";
    channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,false,
            false,null);
    四、如何支持事务(防止投递消息的时候消息丢失-效率特别低,不建议使用,可以使用生产者ACK机制)
    1.    启动事务
    2. 成功提交
    3. 失败则回滚
    //TODO
    //加入事务
    channel.txSelect();
    try {
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
            String routekey = routekeys[i%3];
            // 发送的消息
            String message = "Hello World_"+(i+1)
                    +("_"+System.currentTimeMillis());
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routekey, true,
                    null, message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("----------------------------------");
            System.out.println(" Sent Message: [" + routekey +"]:'"
                    + message + "'");
            Thread.sleep(200);
        }
        //TODO
        //事务提交
        channel.txCommit();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        //TODO
        //事务回滚
        channel.txRollback();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    View Code
    五、消费消息手动ACK,如果异常则使用拒绝的方式,然后异常消息推送到-死信队列
           批量ack的时候如果其中有一个消息出现异常,则会导致消息丢失(日志处理的时候可以使用批量)
     
    1 /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息,第二个参数false为手动应答*/
    channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,consumer);
    
    2 收到消息以后,手动应答数据接收成功
    channel.basicAck(
            envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
    3 收到消息,如果处理失败则拒绝消息:DeliveryTag是消息在队列中的标识
    channel.basicReject(
            envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
    4 决绝的参数说明
    //TODO Reject方式拒绝(这里第2个参数决定是否重新投递),不要重复投递,因为消息重复投递后处理可能依然异常
    //channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
    
    //TODO Nack方式的拒绝(第2个参数决定是否批量,第3个参数是否重新投递)
    channel.basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
    View Code

     六、创建队列的参数解析:场景,延迟队列,保存带有时效性的订单,一旦订单过期,则信息会转移到死信队列

    //TODO /*自动过期队列--参数需要Map传递*/
    String queueName = "setQueue";
    Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    arguments.put("x-expires",10*1000);//消息在队列中保存10秒后被删除
    //TODO 队列的各种参数
    /*加入队列的各种参数*/
    // autoDelete=true 消费者停止了,则队列会自动删除
    //exclusive=true独占队列,只能有一个消费者消费
    channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true,true, false,arguments);
    七、发送消息以后带有应答的队列
    1. 声明一个回应队列
    2. 声明一个回应消息的消费者
    3. 声明一个属性对象(指定队列,会唯一的id)
    4. 生产者发送消息给消费者(带着回应队列)
    5. 消费者接收到消息以后根据对应的信息,给予回应
      生产者端:
     
      
    1//TODO 响应QueueName ,消费者将会把要返回的信息发送到该Queue
    String responseQueue = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
    //TODO 消息的唯一id
    String msgId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    
    2/*声明了一个消费者*/
    final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
        @Override
        public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                   Envelope envelope,
                                   AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                   byte[] body) throws IOException {
            String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println("Received["+envelope.getRoutingKey()
                    +"]"+message);
        }
    };
    //TODO 消费者应答队列上的消息
    channel.basicConsume(responseQueue,true,consumer);
    3//TODO 设置消息中的应答属性
    AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
            .replyTo(responseQueue)
            .messageId(msgId)
            .build();
    4、
    String msg = "Hello,RabbitMq";
    //TODO 发送消息时,把响应相关属性设置进去
    channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"error",
            properties,
            msg.getBytes());
    View Code

     消费者端:

      

    String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
    System.out.println("Received["+envelope.getRoutingKey()
            +"]"+message);
    //TODO 从消息中拿到相关属性(确定要应答的消息ID,)
    AMQP.BasicProperties respProp
            = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
            .replyTo(properties.getReplyTo())
            .correlationId(properties.getMessageId())
            .build();
    //TODO 消息消费时,同时需要生作为生产者生产消息(以OK为标识)
    channel.basicPublish("", respProp.getReplyTo() ,
            respProp ,
            ("OK,"+message).getBytes("UTF-8"));
    八、死信队列 - 下列消息会放到死信队列
    1. 消息被否定确认,使用 channel.basicNack 或 channel.basicReject ,并且此时requeue 属性被设置为false。
    2. 消息在队列的存活时间超过设置的TTL时间。
    3. 消息队列的消息数量已经超过最大队列长度

       

     测试,消费者被拒绝的时候消息会进到死信队列中:
     
            final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME,
                    BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
            //TODO 绑定死信交换器
            /*声明一个队列,并绑定死信交换器*/
    
    
            Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>();
            args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME);
    //        //TODO 死信路由键,会替换消息原来的路由键
    //        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "deal");
    
    
            channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME,false,false,
                    false,
                    args);
    
    
            /*绑定,将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
            channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME,
                    WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME,"#");
    
    
            System.out.println("waiting for message........");
    
    
            //声明死信队列
            channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic",true);
            channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
            //路由键为 # 代表可以路由到所有消息
            channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME ,WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,  "#");
    
    
            /*声明了一个消费者*/
            final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
                @Override
                public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                           Envelope envelope,
                                           AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                           byte[] body) throws IOException {
                    String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                    //TODO
                    //TODO 如果是king的消息确认
                    if(envelope.getRoutingKey().equals("king")){
                        System.out.println("Received["
                                +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                                +"]"+message);
                        channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),
                                false);
                    }else{
                        //TODO 如果是其他的消息拒绝(rqueue=false),成为死信消息
                        System.out.println("Will reject["
                                +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                                +"]"+message);
                        channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),
                                false);
                    }
                }
            };
            /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
            channel.basicConsume(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME ,false,consumer);
    View Code

    过期消息进入到死信队列:

    public static void main(String[] argsv) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
    
    
        Connection connection = getConnection();
    
        // 创建一个信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 指定转发
        channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
    
        Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>();
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME);
        //设置队列中消息过期时间,过期则进入死信队列
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 10*1000);
    
    
        channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME,true,false,
                false,
                args);
    
    
        /*绑定,将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
        channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_QUEUE_NAME,
                WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME,"#");
    
    
        System.out.println("waiting for message........");
    
    
        //声明死信队列
        channel.exchangeDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic",true);
        channel.queueDeclare(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);
        //路由键为 # 代表可以路由到所有消息
        channel.queueBind(WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_QUEUE_NAME ,WillMakeDlxConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,  "#");
    
    
        /*日志消息级别,作为路由键使用*/
        String[] routekeys = {"king","mark","james"};
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            String routekey = routekeys[i%3];
            String msg = "Hellol,RabbitMq"+(i+1);
            /*发布消息,需要参数:交换器,路由键,其中以日志消息级别为路由键*/
            channel.basicPublish(WillMakeDlxConsumer.BUS_EXCHANGE_NAME,routekey,null,
                    msg.getBytes());
            System.out.println("Sent "+routekey+":"+msg);
        }
        // 关闭频道和连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
    View Code

    九、消费者批量预取消费-每次服务器给消费者推送多少数据进行处理

    //TODO 如果是两个消费者(QOS ,批量)则轮询获取数据
    
    //TODO 150条预取(150都取出来 150, 210-150  60  )
    channel.basicQos(150,true);
    /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
    channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,consumer);
    //TODO 自定义消费者批量确认
    //BatchAckConsumer batchAckConsumer = new BatchAckConsumer(channel);
    //channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,batchAckConsumer);
    View Code
    十、生产者投递消息确认模式,如果失败了则可以重新投递
     
       同步确认:
      
    // 启用发送者确认模式
    channel.confirmSelect();
    
    
    //所有日志严重性级别
    for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
        // 发送的消息
        String message = "Hello World_"+(i+1);
        //参数1:exchange name
        //参数2:routing key
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, ROUTE_KEY, true,null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println(" Sent Message: [" + ROUTE_KEY +"]:'"+ message + "'");
        //TODO
        //确认是否成功(true成功)
        if(channel.waitForConfirms()){
            System.out.println("send success");
        }else{
            //如果失败则,可以重新投递减小消息丢失的几率
            System.out.println("send failure");
        }
    }
    View Code

     异步确认-添加监听器:

      

    //TODO
    // 启用发送者确认模式
    channel.confirmSelect();
    //TODO
    // 添加发送者确认监听器
    channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
        //TODO 成功
        public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple)
                throws IOException {
            System.out.println("send_ACK:"+deliveryTag+",multiple:"+multiple);
        }
        //TODO 失败
        public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple)
                throws IOException {
            System.out.println("Erro----send_NACK:"+deliveryTag+",multiple:"+multiple);
        }
    });
    
    
    //TODO
    // 添加失败者通知
    channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() {
        public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText,
                                 String exchange, String routingKey,
                                 AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                 byte[] body)
                throws IOException {
            String message = new String(body);
            System.out.println("RabbitMq路由失败:  "+routingKey+"."+message);
        }
    });
    
    
    
    
    String[] routekeys={"king","mark"};
    //TODO 6条
    for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
        String routekey = routekeys[i%2];
        //String routekey = "king";
        // 发送的消息
        String message = "Hello World_"+(i+1)+("_"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routekey, true,
                MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_BASIC, message.getBytes());
    }
    View Code

    十一、基本信息-创建链接

      

    public class BasicMq {
    
        public static final String  MQ_IP = "192.168.112.131";
        public static final String  USER = "admin";
        public static final String  PWD = "admin";
        public static final String  VHOST = "my_vhost";
    
        /**
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static final Connection getConnection()   {
            /* 创建连接,连接到RabbitMQ*/
            ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = null;
            try {
                connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
                connectionFactory.setHost(BasicMq.MQ_IP);
                connectionFactory.setUsername( BasicMq.USER);
                connectionFactory.setPassword( BasicMq.PWD );
                connectionFactory.setVirtualHost( BasicMq.VHOST );
    
                return connectionFactory.newConnection();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null ;
        }
    
    
        public static final Channel getChannel() throws IOException {
            return getConnection().createChannel();
        }
    }
    View Code
    十二、异常整理
    1.  如果生产者声明exchange为 durable=true,那么消费者对应的exchange也必须为durable=true
    2. 消费者原来是durable=false,修改后变为durable=true,那么因为服务器上已经有这个队列,但是参数不一致会异常,需要删除服务器上的对应队列
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lean-blog/p/14150887.html
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