2020 Multi-University Training Contest 1 部分题解

目录

• Cookies
• Distinct Sub-palindromes
• Fibonacci Sum
• Finding a MEX
• Leading Robots
• Math is Simple
• Minimum Index
• Mow

Cookies

先简单二分出最后查的是哪个标号。
然后发现这个可以快速处理出一段区间的答案，分段打表即可。
注意代码长度限制不要爆了我就白打了 10min

Code

ll n, k, a[N];
ll S[4001] = { ... };
int m;
inline ll cal(ll x) {
  for (ri i = 1; i <= m && x >= k; ++i) x -= x / a[i];
  return x;
}
inline ll Cal(ll l, ll r) {
  static int divv[Bas + 5], len;
  len = r - l;
  for (ri i = 0; i <= len; ++i) divv[i] = 1;
  for (ri i = 2; (ll) i * i <= r; ++i) for (ri j = max((ll) i, (l + i - 1) / i) * i - l; j <= len; j += i)
  divv[j] = i;
  ll res = 0;
  for (ri i = 0; i <= len; ++i) res += divv[i];
  return res;
}
namespace Biao {
  inline void get_Biao() {
    cout << "ll S[] = { 0";
    ll l = 1, r = Bas;
    for (ri i = 1; i <= 4000; ++i, l += Bas, r += Bas) cout << ", " << Cal(l, r);
    cout << " };
";
    exit(0);
  }
}
int main() {
  //Biao:: get_Biao();
  for (ri i = 1; i <= 4000; ++i) S[i] += S[i - 1];
  n = readl(), m = read(), k = readl();
  for (ri i = 1; i <= m; ++i) a[i] = readl();
  if (cal(n) < k) { puts("-1"); continue; }
  ll L = 0, R = n, p = n;
  while (L <= R) {
    ll mid = (L + R) >> 1;
    if (cal(mid) >= k) p = mid, R = mid - 1;
    else L = mid + 1;
  }
  if (cal(n) < k) {
    cout << -1 << '
';
    continue;
  }
  if (p % Bas <= Bas / 2) {
    ll res = Cal(p / Bas * Bas + 1, p);
    res += S[p / Bas];
    cout << res << '
';
  }
  else {
    ll res = -Cal(p + 1, (p / Bas + 1) * Bas);
    res += S[p / Bas + 1];
    cout << res << '
';
  }
  return 0;
}

Distinct Sub-palindromes

签到，发现长度 (>3) 只能形如 (abcabcabc...)，算下 (3) 的答案即可。

Code

int main() {
  ans[1] = 26, ans[2] = 26 * 26, ans[3] = 26 * 25 * 24 + 26 * 25 + 26 * 25 + 26 * 25 + 26; 
  for (ri tt = read(); tt; --tt) {
    int n = read();
    if (n <= 3) cout << ans[n] << '
';
    else cout << 26 * 25 * 24 << '
'; 
  }
  return 0;
}    

---

Fibonacci Sum

等比数列求和，要特判 (1)。
场上过了的赛后被卡常了...卡了一波终于过了。

Code

int main() {
  A = mul(iv2, add(1, bas)), B = mul(iv2, dec(1, bas));
  init(100000);
  for (ri tt = read(), tp = mul(Inv(A), B); tt; --tt) {
    n = readl(), c = readl() % (mod - 1), k = read();
    int res = 0, n1 = (n + 1) % (mod - 1), n2 = (n + 1) % mod;
    int mt = ksm(tp, c), Mt = ksm(ksm(A, c), k);
    for (ri t, i = 0; i <= k; ++i) {
      if (Mt == 1) t = n2;
      else t = mul(dec(ksm(Mt, n1), 1), Inv(dec(Mt, 1)));
      (i & 1 ? Dec : Add) (res, mul(t, C(k, i)));
      Mul(Mt, mt);
    }
    cout << mul(res, pw[k]) << '
';
  }
  return 0;
}

---

Finding a MEX

写了个根号分治套 ( ext{set}) 居然过了是我没想到的，不过由于实现不好会被重边卡，调了一年...
实际上可以用链表做到优美的 (O(nsqrt n))比赛的时候假胡了一下没实现，如果不行不要喷我

Code

inline void ins(int x, int v) {
  if (v > n) return;
  ++cnt[x][v];
  if (cnt[x][v] > 1) return;
  set <pii> :: iterator it = sg[x].upper_bound(pii(v, n));
  --it;
  pii t = *it;
  sg[x].erase(it);
  if (t.fi < v) sg[x].insert(pii(t.fi, v - 1));
  if (v < t.se) sg[x].insert(pii(v + 1, t.se));
}
inline void del(int x, int v) {
  if (v > n) return;
  --cnt[x][v];
  if (cnt[x][v]) return;
  set <pii> :: iterator it = sg[x].upper_bound(pii(v, n));
  int l = v, r = v;
  if (it != sg[x].begin()) {
    --it;
    if (it -> se == v - 1) l = it -> fi;
    ++it;
  }
  if (it != sg[x].end()) {
    if (it -> fi == v + 1) r = it -> se; 
  }
  sg[x].erase(pii(l, v - 1));
  sg[x].erase(pii(v + 1, r));
  sg[x].insert(pii(l, r));
}
inline void upd(int x, int v) {
  for (ri i = 1; i <= tot; ++i) if (vs[i][x]) {
    del(i, a[x]);
    ins(i, v);
  }
  a[x] = v;
}
inline int qry(int x) {
  static bool vs[N];
  if (id[x]) {
    x = id[x];
    return sg[x].begin() -> fi;
  }
  else {
    for (ri i = 0; i <= blo; ++i) vs[i] = 0;
    for (ri i = 0; i < e[x].size(); ++i) {
      int v = a[e[x][i]];
      if (v <= blo) vs[v] = 1;
    }
    for (ri i = 0; i <= blo; ++i) if (!vs[i]) return i; 
  }
}
int main() {
  n = read(), m = read();
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) a[i] = read(), e[i].clear(), id[i] = 0;
  for (ri i = 1, u, v; i <= m; ++i) {
    u = read(), v = read();
    e[u].pb(v), e[v].pb(u);
  }
  tot = 0;
  int mx = 0;
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) mx = max(mx, (int) e[i].size());
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    sort(e[i].begin(), e[i].end());
    e[i].erase(unique(e[i].begin(), e[i].end()), e[i].end());
    if (e[i].size() >= blo) {
      id[i] = ++tot, sg[tot].clear();
      for (ri j = 0; j <= n; ++j) cnt[tot][j] = vs[tot][j] = 0;
      sg[tot].insert(pii(0, n));
      for (ri j = 0; j < e[i].size(); ++j) {
        int v = a[e[i][j]];
        vs[tot][e[i][j]] = 1;
        ins(tot, v);
      }
    }
  }
  for (ri tt = read(), op, x; tt; --tt) {
    op = read(), x = read();
    if (op == 1) upd(x, read());
    else cout << qry(x) << '
';
  }
  return 0;
}

---

Leading Robots

模拟题意，对给出的二次函数维护出最大值的轮廓就行了。

Code

inline db Cross(int x, int y) { return (B[y] - B[x]) / (K[x] - K[y]); }
inline bool chk(int x, int y, int z) {
  db x_0 = Cross(x, y);
  return K[x] * x_0 + B[x] <= K[z] * x_0 + B[z];
}
inline bool cmp(int x, int y) { return B[x] < B[y] || (B[x] == B[y] && K[x] < K[y]); }
int main() {
  scanf("%d", &n);
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%lf%lf", &B[i], &K[i]), id[i] = i, ban[i] = 0;
  sort(id + 1, id + n + 1, cmp);
  top = 0;
  for (ri i = 1, p; i <= n; ++i) {
    p = id[i];
    if (top) {
      if (make_pair(K[p], B[p]) == make_pair(K[q[top]], B[q[top]])) {
        ban[p] = ban[q[top]] = 1;
        continue;
      }
      while (top > 1 && chk(q[top], q[top - 1], p)) --top;
      if (top == 1 && K[top] >= K[q[top]]) --top;
    }
    q[++top] = p;
  }
  int res = 0;
  for (ri i = 1; i <= top; ++i) if (!ban[q[i]]) ++res;
  cout << res << '
';
  return 0;
}

---

Math is Simple

(large{ ext{Math is not Simple}})
设题目要求的是 (f_n)，然后 (g_n=sumlimits_{1le a<ble n,gcd(a,b)=1,a+b=n}frac1{ab})，将 (f_n) 和 (f_{n-1}) 做差。
发现 (f_n=f_{n-1}+g_n-g_{n-1}=cdots=g_n+frac12)
这个 (g) 可以莫反算，这题就解决了。

Code

int main() {
  int Lm = 1e8, _Lm = 10000;
  inv[1] = 1;
  for (ri i = 2; i <= Lm; ++i) inv[i] = mul(inv[mod - mod / i * i], mod - mod / i);
  for (ri i = 2; i <= Lm; ++i) Add(inv[i], inv[i - 1]);
  for (ri i = 2; i <= _Lm; ++i) {
    if (!vs[i]) pri[++tot] = i;
    for (ri j = 1; j <= tot && i * pri[j] <= _Lm; ++j) {
      vs[i * pri[j]] = 1;
      if (i == i / pri[j] * pri[j]) break;
    }
  }
  int iv2 = (mod + 1) >> 1;
  n = read();
  int x = n;
  vector <int> divv;
  for (ri i = 1; i <= tot && pri[i] * pri[i] <= x; ++i) if (x == x / pri[i] * pri[i]) {
    divv.pb(pri[i]);
    while (x == x / pri[i] * pri[i]) x /= pri[i];
  }
  if (x ^ 1) divv.pb(x);
  int res = 0, lm = 1 << divv.size();
  vector <int> Divv(lm);
  if (n > 2) for (ri s = 0; s < lm; ++s) {
    Divv[s] = s ? Divv[s - (s & -s)] * divv[__builtin_ctz(s)] : 1;
    int Miu = __builtin_popcount(s) & 1 ? mod - 1 : 1;
    Add(res, mul(mul(Miu, inv[n / Divv[s]]), dec(inv[Divv[s]], inv[Divv[s] - 1])));
  }
  cout << add(mul(res, dec(inv[n], inv[n - 1])), iv2) << '
';
  return 0;
}

---

Minimum Index

边做 ( ext{Lyndon}) 分解边统计答案即可。

Code

int main() {
  n = Read(s);
  int ss = 0;
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) vs[i] = 0;
  for (ri i = 1, iv = Inv(1112), j, k, mt = 1; i <= n; ) {
    j = i, k = i + 1;
    if (!vs[i]) len[i] = 1, vs[i] = 1, Add(ss, mul(mt, i)), Mul(mt, 1112);
    for (; k <= n && s[j] <= s[k]; ++k) {
      j = s[j] < s[k] ? i : j + 1;
      if (!vs[k]) {
        vs[k] = 1;
        if (i == j) len[k] = k - i + 1;
        else len[k] = len[j - 1];
        Add(ss, mul(mt, k - len[k] + 1)), Mul(mt, 1112);
      }
    }
    for (; i <= j; i += k - j);
  }
  cout << ss << '
';
  return 0;
}

---

Mow

维护一下半平面交即可。
调了半个上午都没调出来，最后发现好像是 ( ext{hdu}) 不支持用 ( ext{printf}) 输出 ( ext{long double}) 类型的答案...

Code

inline bool cmp(Line x, Line y) { return x.ang < y.ang; }
inline pt Cross(Line a, Line b) {
  db s1 = (a.a - b.a) * (a.b - b.a), s2 = (a.b - b.b) * (a.a - b.b), t = s1 / (s1 + s2);
  return b.a + (b.b - b.a) * t;
}
inline bool chk(Line x, Line y, Line z) {
  pt tp = Cross(x, y);
  return (z.b - z.a) * (tp - z.a) <= 0;
}
const db pi = acosl(-1.0);
inline db calc() {
  static int q[N], hd, tl;
  static pt A[N];
  sort(L + 1, L + n + 1, cmp);
  hd = 1, tl = 0;
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    while (hd < tl && chk(L[q[tl]], L[q[tl - 1]], L[i])) --tl;
    while (hd < tl && chk(L[q[hd]], L[q[hd + 1]], L[i])) ++hd;
    q[++tl] = i;
  }
  while (hd < tl && chk(L[q[tl]], L[q[tl - 1]], L[q[hd]])) --tl;
  while (hd < tl && chk(L[q[hd]], L[q[hd + 1]], L[q[tl]])) ++hd;
  if (tl - hd + 1 < 3) return 0;
  q[tl + 1] = q[hd];
  int ct = 0;
  for (ri i = hd; i <= tl; ++i) A[++ct] = Cross(L[q[i]], L[q[i + 1]]);
  A[ct + 1] = A[1];
  db res = 0, ss = 0;
  for (ri i = 1; i <= ct; ++i) res += A[i] * A[i + 1], ss += (A[i + 1] - A[i]).mod();
  res *= 0.5l, res += ss * R;
  return res + pi * R * R;
}
int main() {
  n = read(), R = read(), A = read(), B = read();
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) a[i].x = read(), a[i].y = read();
  a[n + 1] = a[1];
  db S = 0, res;
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) S += a[i] * a[i + 1];
  S *= 0.5l;
  if (S < 0) {
    S = -S;
    reverse(a + 1, a + n + 1);
    a[n + 1] = a[1];
  }
  res = S * A;
  if (A <= B) {
    cout << fixed << setprecision(20) << res << '
';
    continue;
  }
  for (ri i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    pt tp = a[i + 1] - a[i];
    db ang = atan2l(tp.y, tp.x);
    tp = pt(-tp.y, tp.x);
    tp /= tp.mod(), tp *= R;
    L[i] = (Line) { a[i] + tp, a[i + 1] + tp, ang };
  }
  res -= (A - B) * calc();
  cout << fixed << setprecision(20) << res << '
';
  return 0;
}