编译安装Nginx
Compiling and Installing from Source
Compiling NGINX Open Source from source affords more flexibility than prebuilt packages: you can add particular modules (from NGINX or third parties), and apply latest security patches.
Installing NGINX Dependencies
Prior to compiling NGINX Open Source from source, you need to install libraries for its dependencies:
PCRE – Supports regular expressions. Required by the NGINX Core and Rewrite modules.
$ wget ftp://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.44.tar.gz
$ tar -zxf pcre-8.44.tar.gz
$ cd pcre-8.44
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install
zlib – Supports header compression. Required by the NGINX Gzip module.
$ wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
$ tar -zxf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
$ cd zlib-1.2.11
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install
OpenSSL – Supports the HTTPS protocol. Required by the NGINX SSL module and others.
$ wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1e.tar.gz
$ tar -zxf openssl-1.1.1e.tar.gz
$ cd openssl-1.1.1d
$ ./config --prefix=/usr
$ make
$ sudo make install
Downloading the Sources
Download the source files for both the stable and mainline versions from nginx.org.
To download and unpack the source for the latest mainline version, run:
$ wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.9.tar.gz
$ tar zxf nginx-1.17.9.tar.gz
$ cd nginx-1.17.9
To download and unpack source files for the latest stable version, run:
$ wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
$ tar zxf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
$ cd nginx-1.16.1
Configuring the Build Options
Configure options are specified with the ./configure script that sets up various NGINX parameters, including paths to source and configuration files, compiler options, connection processing methods, and the list of modules. The script finishes by creating the Makefile required to compile the code and install NGINX Open Source.
An example of options to the configure script (should be typed as a single line):
$ ./configure
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.44
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11
--with-http_ssl_module
--with-stream
--with-mail=dynamic
--add-module=/usr/build/nginx-rtmp-module
--add-dynamic-module=/usr/build/3party_module
Configuring NGINX Paths
The configure script allows you to set paths to NGINX binary and configuration files, and to dependent libraries such as PCRE or SSL, in order to link them statically to the NGINX binary.
Parameter Description
--prefix=<PATH> Directory for NGINX files, and the base location for all relative paths set by the other configure script options (excluding paths to libraries) and for the path to the nginx.conf configuration file. Default: /usr/local/nginx.
--sbin-path=<PATH> Name of the NGINX executable file, which is used only during installation. Default: <prefix>/sbin/nginx
--conf-path=<PATH> Name of the NGINX configuration file. You can, however, always override this value at startup by specifying a different file with the -c <FILENAME> option on the nginx command line. Default: <prefix>conf/nginx.conf
--pid-path=<PATH> Name of the nginx.pid file, which stores the process ID of the nginx master process. After installation, the path to the filename can be changed with the pid directive in the NGINX configuration file. Default: <prefix>/logs/nginx.pid
--error-log-path=<PATH> Name of the primary log file for errors, warnings, and diagnostic data. After installation, the filename can be changed with the the error_log directive in the NGINX configuration file. Default: <prefix>/logs/error.log
--http-log-path=<PATH> Name of the primary log file for requests to the HTTP server. After installation, the filename can always be changed with the access_log directive in the NGINX configuration file. Default: <prefix>/logs/access.log
--user=<NAME> Name of the unprivileged user whose credentials are used by the NGINX worker processes. After installation, the name can be changed with the user directive in the NGINX configuration file. Default: nobody
--group=<NAME> Name of the group whose credentials are used by the NGINX worker processes. After installation, the name can be changed with the user directive in the NGINX configuration file. Default: the value set by the --user option.
--with-pcre=<PATH> Path to the source for the PCRE library, which is required for regular expressions support in the location directive and the Rewrite module.
--with-pcre-jit Builds the PCRE library with “just-in-time compilation” support (the pcre_jit directive).
--with-zlib=<PATH> Path to the source for the zlib library, which is required by the Gzip module.
Configuring NGINX GCC Options
With the configure script you can also specify compiler‑related options.
Parameter Description
--with-cc-opt="<PARAMETERS>" Additional parameters that are added to the CFLAGS variable. When using the system PCRE library under FreeBSD, the mandatory value is --with-cc-opt="-I /usr/local/include". If the number of files supported by select() needs to be increased, it can also specified here as in this example: --with-cc-opt="-D FD_SETSIZE=2048".
--with-ld-opt="<PARAMETERS>" Additional parameters that are used during linking. When using the system PCRE library under FreeBSD, the mandatory value is --with-ld-opt="-L /usr/local/lib".
Specifying NGINX Connection Processing Methods
With the configure script you can redefine the method for event‑based polling. For more information, see Connection processing methods in the NGINX reference documentation.
Module Name Description
--with-select_module, --without-select_module Enables or disables building a module that enable NGINX to work with the select() method. The modules is built automatically if the platform does not appear to support more appropriate methods such as kqueue, epoll, or /dev/poll.
--with-poll_module, --without-poll_module Enables or disables building a module that enables NGINX to work with the poll() method. The module is built automatically if the platform does not appear to support more appropriate methods such as kqueue, epoll, or /dev/poll.
Selecting the NGINX Modules to Build
NGINX consists of a set of function‑specific modules, which are specified with configure script along with other build options.
Some modules are built by default – they do not have to be specified with the configure script. Default modules can however be explicitly excluded from the NGINX binary with the --without-<MODULE-NAME> option on the configure script.
Modules not included by default, as well as third‑party modules, must be explicitly specified in the configure script together with other build options. Such modules can be linked to NGINX binary either statically (they are then loaded each time NGINX starts) or dynamically (they are loaded only if associated directives are included in the NGINX configuration file.
Modules Built by Default
If you do not need a module that is built by default, you can disable it by naming it with the --without-<MODULE-NAME> option on the configure script, as in this example which disables the Empty GIF module (should be typed as a single line):
$ ./configure
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
--with-http_ssl_module
--with-stream
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.43
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11
--without-http_empty_gif_module
Module Name Description
http_access_module Accepts or denies requests from specified client addresses.
http_auth_basic_module Limits access to resources by validating the user name and password using the HTTP Basic Authentication protocol.
http_autoindex_module Processes requests ending with the forward-slash character (/) and produces a directory listing.
http_browser_module Creates variables whose values depend on the value of the User-Agent request header.
http_charset_module Adds the specified character set to the Content-Type response header. Can convert data from one character set to another.
http_empty_gif_module Emits a single-pixel transparent GIF.
http_fastcgi_module Passes requests to a FastCGI server.
http_geo_module Creates variables with values that depend on the client IP address.
http_gzip_module Compresses responses using gzip, reducing the amount of transmitted data by half or more.
http_limit_conn_module Limits the number of connections per a defined key, in particular, the number of connections from a single IP address.
http_limit_req_module Limits the request processing rate per a defined key, in particular, the processing rate of requests coming from a single IP address.
http_map_module Creates variables whose values depend on the values of other variables.
http_memcached_module Passes requests to a memcached server.
http_proxy_module Passes HTTP requests to another server.
http_referer_module Blocks requests with invalid values in the Referer header.
http_rewrite_module Changes the request URI using regular expressions and return redirects; conditionally selects configurations. Requires the PCRE library.
http_scgi_module Passes requests to an SCGI server.
http_ssi_module Processes SSI (Server Side Includes) commands in responses passing through it.
http_split_clients_module Creates variables suitable for A/B testing, also known as split testing.
http_upstream_hash_module Enables the generic Hash load-balancing method.
http_upstream_ip_hash_module Enables the IP Hash load-balancing method.
http_upstream_keepalive_module Enables keepalive connections.
http_upstream_least_conn_module Enables the Least Connections load-balancing method.
http_upstream_zone_module Enables shared memory zones.
http_userid_module Sets cookies suitable for client identification.
http_uwsgi_module Passes requests to a uwsgi server.
Including Modules Not Built by Default
Many NGINX modules are not built by default, and must be listed on the configure command line to be built.
The mail, stream, geoip, image_filter, perl and xslt modules can be compiled as dynamic. See Dynamic Modules for details.
An example of the configure command that includes nondefault modules (should be typed as a single line):
$ ./configure
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.43
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11
--with-http_ssl_module
--with-stream
--with-mail
Module Name Description
--with-cpp_test_module Tests the C++ compatibility of header files.
--with-debug Enables the debugging log.
--with-file-aio Enables asynchronous I/O.
``–``with-google_perftools_module Allows using Google Performance tools library.
-- with-http_addition_module Adds text before and after a response.
-- with-http_auth_request_module Implements client authorization based on the result of a subrequest.
-- with-http_dav_module Enables file management automation using the WebDAV protocol.
--with-http_degradation_module Allows returning an error when a memory size exceeds the defined value.
-- with-http_flv_module Provides pseudo-streaming server-side support for Flash Video (FLV) files.
-- with-http_geoip_module Enables creating variables whose values depend on the client IP address. The module uses MaxMind GeoIP databases. To compile as a separate dynamic module instead, change the option to –with-http_geoip_module=dynamic.
-- with-http_gunzip_module Decompresses responses with Content-Encoding: gzip for clients that do not support the _zip_ encoding method.
-- with-http_gzip_static_module Allows sending precompressed files with the .gz filename extension instead of regular files.
-- with-http_image_filter_module Transforms images in JPEG, GIF, and PNG formats. The module requires the LibGD library. To compile as a separate dynamic module instead, change the option to --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic.
-- with-http_mp4_module Provides pseudo-streaming server-side support for MP4 files.
-- with-http_perl_module Used to implement location and variable handlers in Perl and insert Perl calls into SSI. Requires the PERL library. To compile as a separate dynamic module instead, change the option to --with-http_perl_module=dynamic.
-- with-http_random_index_module Processes requests ending with the slash character (‘/’) and picks a random file in a directory to serve as an index file.
-- with-http_realip_module Changes the client address to the one sent in the specified header field.
-- with-http_secure_link_module Used to check authenticity of requested links, protect resources from unauthorized access, and limit link lifetime.
-- with-http_slice_module Allows splitting a request into subrequests, each subrequest returns a certain range of response. Provides more effective caching of large files.
-- with-http_ssl_module Enables HTTPS support. Requires an SSL library such as OpenSSL.
-- with-http_stub_status_module Provides access to basic status information. Note that NGINX Plus customers do not require this module as they are already provided with extended status metrics and interactive dashboard.
-- with-http_sub_module Modifies a response by replacing one specified string by another.
-- with-http_xslt_module Transforms XML responses using one or more XSLT stylesheets. The module requires the Libxml2 and XSLT libraries. To compile as a separate dynamic module instead, change the option to --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic.
-- with-http_v2_module Enable support for HTTP/2. See The HTTP/2 Module in NGINX on the NGINX blog for details.
-- with-mail Enables mail proxy functionality. To compile as a separate dynamic module instead, change the option to --with-mail=dynamic.
-- with-mail_ssl_module Provides support for a mail proxy server to work with the SSL/TLS protocol. Requires an SSL library such as OpenSSL.
-- with-stream Enables the TCP and UDP proxy functionality. To compile as a separate dynamic module instead, change the option to --with-stream=dynamic.
-- with-stream_ssl_module Provides support for a stream proxy server to work with the SSL/TLS protocol. Requires an SSL library such as OpenSSL.
--with-threads Enables NGINX to use thread pools. For details, see Thread Pools in NGINX Boost Performance 9x! on the NGINX blog.
Including Third-Party Modules
You can extend NGINX functionality by compiling NGINX Open Source with your own module or a third‑party module. Some third‑party modules are listed in the NGINX Wiki. Use third‑party modules at your own risk as their stability is not guaranteed.
Statically Linked Modules
Most modules built into NGINX Open Source are statically linked: they are built into NGINX Open Source at compile time and are linked to the NGINX binary statically. These modules can be disabled only by recompiling NGINX.
To compile NGINX Open Source with a statically linked third‑party module, include the --add-module=<PATH> option on the configure command, where <PATH> is the path to the source code (this example is for the RTMP module):
$ ./configure ... --add-module=/usr/build/nginx-rtmp-module
Dynamically Linked Modules
NGINX modules can also be compiled as a shared object (*.so file) and then dynamically loaded into NGINX Open Source at runtime. This provides more flexibility, as the module can be loaded or unloaded at any time by adding or removing the associated load_module directive in the NGINX configuration file and reloading the configuration. Note that the module itself must support dynamic linking.
To compile NGINX Open Source with a dynamically loaded third‑party module, include the --add-dynamic-module=<PATH> option on the configure command, where <PATH> is the path to the source code:
$ ./configure ... --add-dynamic-module=<PATH>
The resulting *.so files are written to the the prefix/modules/ directory, where the prefix is a directory for server files such as /usr/local/nginx/.
To load a dynamic module, add the load_module directive to the NGINX configuration after installation:
load_module modules/ngx_mail_module.so;
For more information, see Compiling Third‑Party Dynamic Modules for NGINX and NGINX Plus on the NGINX blog and Extending NGINX in the Wiki.
Completing the Installation from Source
Compile and install the build:
$ make
$ sudo make install
After the installation is finished, start NGINX Open Source:
$ sudo nginx
安装mysql：
ncurse库
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql var
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
vim /etc/rc.local
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql