• 201771010109 焦旭超《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十二周学习总结


    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 掌握Java GUI中框架创建及属性设置中常用类的API;

    (2) 掌握Java GUI中2D图形绘制常用类的API;

    (3) 了解Java GUI中2D图形中字体与颜色的设置方法;

    (4) 了解Java GUI中2D图像的载入方法。

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1: 导入第10章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

    测试程序1:

    运行下列程序,观察程序运行结果。

    import javax.swing.*;

    public class SimpleFrameTest

    {

       public static void main(String[] args)

       {

         JFrame  frame = new JFrame();

         frame.setBounds(0, 0,300, 200);

         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         frame.setVisible(true);    

       }

    }

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材407页程序10-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;与上面程序对比,思考异同;

    l 掌握空框架创建方法;

    l 了解主线程与事件分派线程概念;

    l 掌握GUI顶层窗口创建技术。

    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.33 2015-05-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class SimpleFrameTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
             {
                SimpleFrame frame = new SimpleFrame();
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setVisible(true);
             });
       }
    }
    
    class SimpleFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
    
       public SimpleFrame()
       {
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
       }
    }

    测试程序2

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材412页程序10-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 掌握确定框架常用属性的设置方法。

    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.34 2015-06-16
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class SizedFrameTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
             {
                JFrame frame = new SizedFrame();
                frame.setTitle("SizedFrame");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setVisible(true);
             });
       }
    }
    
    class SizedFrame extends JFrame
    {
       public SizedFrame()
       {
          // get screen dimensions
    
          Toolkit kit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
          Dimension screenSize = kit.getScreenSize();
          int screenHeight = screenSize.height;
          int screenWidth = screenSize.width;
    
          // set frame width, height and let platform pick screen location
    
          setSize(screenWidth / 2, screenHeight / 2);
          setLocationByPlatform(true);
    
          // set frame icon
    
          Image img = new ImageIcon("icon.gif").getImage();
          setIconImage(img);      
       }
    }

    测试程序3:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材418页程序10-3,结合运行结果理解程序;

    l 掌握在框架中添加组件;

    掌握自定义组件的用法。

    package notHelloWorld;
    
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.33 2015-05-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class NotHelloWorld
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
             {
                JFrame frame = new NotHelloWorldFrame();
                frame.setTitle("NotHelloWorld");//为框架设置名字
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setVisible(true);//设置框架的可见性
             });
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A frame that contains a message panel
     */
    class NotHelloWorldFrame extends JFrame
    {
       public NotHelloWorldFrame()
       {
          add(new NotHelloWorldComponent());//调用add方法
          pack();
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A component that displays a message.
     */
    class NotHelloWorldComponent extends JComponent
    {
       public static final int MESSAGE_X = 75;
       public static final int MESSAGE_Y = 100;//定义两个静态常量
    
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//设置所要画的图在窗口中的位置
    
       public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
       {
          g.drawString("Not a Hello, World program", MESSAGE_X, MESSAGE_Y);//文字helloworld是画上去的并非是一个文字形式。
       }
       
       public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
    }

    测试程序4:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材424 -425页程序10-4,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 掌握2D图形的绘制方法。

    package draw;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.geom.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.33 2007-05-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class DrawTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
             {
                JFrame frame = new DrawFrame();//生成类对象
                frame.setTitle("DrawTest");//为这个框架命名
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setVisible(true);//设置框架的可见性
             });
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A frame that contains a panel with drawings
     */
    class DrawFrame extends JFrame
    {
       public DrawFrame()
       {      
          add(new DrawComponent());
          pack();
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A component that displays rectangles and ellipses.
     */
    class DrawComponent extends JComponent
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
    
       public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
       {
          Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
    
          // 画一个矩形
    
          double leftX = 100;
          double topY = 100;
          double width = 200;
          double height = 150;
    
          Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(leftX, topY, width, height);
          g2.draw(rect);
    
          // 在矩形内画椭圆
    
          Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Double();
          ellipse.setFrame(rect);
          g2.draw(ellipse);
    
          // 画一条对角线
    
          g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(leftX, topY, leftX + width, topY + height));
    
          // 用同一个中心画一个圆
    
          double centerX = rect.getCenterX();
          double centerY = rect.getCenterY();
          double radius = 150;
    
          Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double();
          circle.setFrameFromCenter(centerX, centerY, centerX + radius, centerY + radius);
          g2.draw(circle);
       }
       
       public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
    }

    测试程序5:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材432页-433程序10-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 了解2D图形中字体的设置的方法;

    package font;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.font.*;
    import java.awt.geom.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.34 2015-05-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class FontTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
             {
                JFrame frame = new FontFrame();//生成类对象
                frame.setTitle("FontTest");//为框架设置一个名字
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setVisible(true);//设置框架的可见性
             });
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A frame with a text message component
     */
    class FontFrame extends JFrame//类的继承
    {
       public FontFrame()
       {      
          add(new FontComponent());//调用add方法
          pack();
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A component that shows a centered message in a box.
     */
    class FontComponent extends JComponent
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//定义两个常量
    
       public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
       {
          Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
    
          String message = "Hello, World!";
    
          Font f = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, 36);
          g2.setFont(f);
    
          // 测量消息的大小
    
          FontRenderContext context = g2.getFontRenderContext();
          Rectangle2D bounds = f.getStringBounds(message, context);
    
          // 设置(x,y)=文本左上角
    
          double x = (getWidth() - bounds.getWidth()) / 2;
          double y = (getHeight() - bounds.getHeight()) / 2;
    
          // 增加到Y到达基线
    
          double ascent = -bounds.getY();
          double baseY = y + ascent;
    
          // 汲取信息
    
          g2.drawString(message, (int) x, (int) baseY);
    
          g2.setPaint(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
    
          // 绘制基线
    
          g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(x, baseY, x + bounds.getWidth(), baseY));
    
          // 绘制封闭矩形
    
          Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, bounds.getWidth(), bounds.getHeight());
          g2.draw(rect);
       }
       
       public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
    }

    测试程序6:

    l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材436页-437程序10-6,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    l 了解2D图形图像的显示方法。

    package image;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * @version 1.34 2015-05-12
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ImageTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
             {
                JFrame frame = new ImageFrame();
                frame.setTitle("ImageTest");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setVisible(true);
             });
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A frame with an image component
     */
    class ImageFrame extends JFrame
    {
       public ImageFrame()
       {
          add(new ImageComponent());
          pack();
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A component that displays a tiled image
     */
    class ImageComponent extends JComponent
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
    
       private Image image;
    
       public ImageComponent()
       {
          image = new ImageIcon("C:\blue-ball.gif").getImage();//在c:目录下放一张目标图片,才能显示图片,并能关闭
       }
    
       public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
       {
          if (image == null) return;
    
          int imageWidth = image.getWidth(null);
          int imageHeight = image.getHeight(null);
    
          // draw the image in the upper-left corner
    
          g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
          // tile the image across the component
    
          for (int i = 0; i * imageWidth <= getWidth(); i++)
             for (int j = 0; j * imageHeight <= getHeight(); j++)
                if (i + j > 0) 
                   g.copyArea(0, 0, imageWidth, imageHeight, i * imageWidth, j * imageHeight);
       }
       
       public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); }
    }

    实验2课后完成PTA平台题目集:2018秋季西北师范大学面向对象程序设计(Java)练习题集(ch6-ch9)

    实验总结:本周所学内容比较有趣,学习了与图形用户界面设计有关的知识,主要是编写定义窗口大小和位置,在窗口中显示文本,显示图像等。但是这些都是最基础的,下一章的内容更加有趣,将学习如何让程序对用户的输入进行响应。期待下一章内容。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lcjcc/p/9977929.html
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