hdu 1394 Minimum Inversion Number（线段树之 单点更新求逆序数）

Minimum Inversion Number

                                                                          Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)

Problem Description

The inversion number of a given number sequence a1, a2, ..., an is the number of pairs (ai, aj) that satisfy i < j and ai > aj.

For a given sequence of numbers a1, a2, ..., an, if we move the first m >= 0 numbers to the end of the seqence, we will obtain another sequence. There are totally n such sequences as the following:

a1, a2, ..., an-1, an (where m = 0 - the initial seqence)
a2, a3, ..., an, a1 (where m = 1)
a3, a4, ..., an, a1, a2 (where m = 2)
...
an, a1, a2, ..., an-1 (where m = n-1)

You are asked to write a program to find the minimum inversion number out of the above sequences.

 

Input

The input consists of a number of test cases. Each case consists of two lines: the first line contains a positive integer n (n <= 5000); the next line contains a permutation of the n integers from 0 to n-1.

 

Output

For each case, output the minimum inversion number on a single line.

 

Sample Input

10
1 3 6 9 0 8 5 7 4 2

 

Sample Output

16

 

题意：给出一个含有n个数的序列，然后每次都把第一个数放到序列的最后面形成新的序列，求这n个序列中最小的逆序数是多少?

分析：由于数列中每一个元素的值都不同样，所以我们仅仅需求出原始序列的逆序数，然后依据这个逆序数递推出其它序列的逆序数。

比如序列 2 0 3 1 4 5 的逆序数是3。把2放到最后边以后。比2小的数（2个）的每一个数的逆序数减1，比2大的数（n-a[i]-1个）的逆序数不变。而2的逆序数变为比2大的数的个数（n-a[i]-1）。依据这个结论，我们就能够递推出其它序列的逆序数，进而求出最小值。

求原始序列的逆序数时用线段树来求，对于第i个数，它的逆序数等于已经插入到线段树中的比它大的数的个数。

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

const int N = 5005;
#define lson l, mid, root<<1
#define rson mid+1, r, root<<1|1
int sum[N<<2], a[N];

void Push_Up(int root)
{
    sum[root] = sum[root<<1] + sum[root<<1|1];
}
void build_tree(int l, int r, int root)
{
    sum[root] = 0;
    if(l == r) return;
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    build_tree(lson);
    build_tree(rson);
}
void update(int p, int l, int r, int root)
{
    if(l == r)
    {
        sum[root]++;
        return;
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    if(p <= mid) update(p, lson);
    else update(p, rson);
    Push_Up(root);
}
int Query(int L, int R, int l, int r, int root)
{
    if(L <= l && r <= R)
    {
        return sum[root];
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    int ans = 0;
    if(L <= mid) ans += Query(L, R, lson);
    if(R > mid) ans += Query(L, R, rson);
    return ans;
}

int main()
{
    int n, i;
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        build_tree(0, n-1, 1);
        int res = 0;
        for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
            res += Query(a[i], n-1, 0, n-1, 1); //查询已经插入到线段树中的数有多少个数比a[i]大
            update(a[i], 0, n-1, 1); //把这个数插入到线段树中
        }
        int ans = res;
        for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            res += (n - a[i] - 1) - a[i];
            ans = min(ans, res);
        }
        printf("%d
", ans);

    }
    return 0;
}