CentOS7安装MySQL
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
一。准备工作
--下载后文件
MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
--新建目录
mkdir /home/www/tar
mkdir /home/www/rpm
--上传文件至rpm包下解压
tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
...
MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm
--把tar文件移至/home/www/tar
mv MySQL-5.6.24-1.linux_glibc2.5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar /home/www/tar
二、開始安装
--開始安装(当中。v表示显示具体安装信息，h表示显示用#表示安装进度)
rpm -ivh MySQL-*
--看到例如以下信息已成功安装
A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
...
...
New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
备注：最新版的MySQL将随机生成一个root用户的password，放在/root/.mysql_secret 文件里
--查看port(默认3306)
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -nat
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3690 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.1.110:22 192.168.1.119:50608 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
三、安装位置
用RPM进行安装的时候，MySQL下的子文件夹被分散开，分别放在了下面几个文件夹下：
/etc/logrotate.d/mysql
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql // mysql启动配置脚本，当中仅仅有一个叫mysql的可运行文件 与mysql有关
/var/lib/mysql // Mysql中的数据库存放文件夹
/var/lock/subsys/mysql
/usr/lib/mysql // 该目录下是mysql链接库
/usr/include/mysql // mysql 头文件
/usr/share/mysql // mysql 安装文件夹
/usr/bin // 当中有mysql的多个可运行程序，如mysql、mysql_config_editor、mysqlcheck、mysqladmin等
四、mysql停止与重新启动
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start
五、错误排查
[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -uroot
--出现故障
(1)报错：ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
--停止服务
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop
--安全模式进入mysql
[root@localhost rpm]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -u root mysql
--更改username
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('root') where User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> quit
[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> show databases；
(2)报错：ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
--又一次设置rootpassword
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases；
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(3)navicat报错：Host '192.168.1.*' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
原因：mysql下user表中不同意外部链接
--暂时把port增加防火墙
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
systemctl restart firewalld.service
--更改host
[root@localhost rpm]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> use mysql
mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------------------+------+
| host | user |
+-----------------------+------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::1 | root |
| localhost | root |
| localhost.localdomain | root |
+-----------------------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--更改localhost为%
mysql> update user set host = '%' where host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------------------+------+
| host | user |
+-----------------------+------+
| % | root |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::1 | root |
| localhost.localdomain | root |
+-----------------------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--重新启动mysql服务
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
至此mysql已能够正常使用！
六、开机启动
使用命令：sbin/chkconfig --list，查看启动项
使用命令：sbin/chkconfig --add mysql，将mysql加入到开机启动项中：
使用命令：sbin/chkconfig --del mysql，将mysql从启动项删除：
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