vector-reserve

////////////////////////////////////////
//      2018/04/18 12:13:12
//      vector-reserve

/*
    size是当前vector容器真实占用的大小，也就是容器当前拥有多少个容器。
    capacity是指在发生realloc前能允许的最大元素数，即预分配的内存空间。
    当然，这两个属性分别对应两个方法：resize()和reserve()。
    使用resize()，容器内的对象内存空间是真正存在的。
    使用reserve()仅仅只是修改了capacity的值，容器内的对象并没有真实的内存空间(空间是"野"的)。
    此时切记使用[]操作符访问容器内的对象，很可能出现数组越界的问题。
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main(){

    vector<int> v(5, 0);  // 5 elements each-value 0
    /*- - - - - - - - - - - - */
    cout << "Size of v = " << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "Capacity v = " << v.capacity() << endl;
    cout << "Value of each elements is ";
    for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++){
        cout << v[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    v[0] = 5;       // new value for first element
    v[1] = 8;
    v.push_back(3);  // creates new (6th) elements of vector
    v.push_back(7);  // automatically increases size
    cout << endl;    // capacity of vector v
    cout << "Size of v = " << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "Capacity v = " << v.capacity() << endl;
    cout << "Value of each elements is ";
    for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++){
        cout << v[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    v.reserve(100);     // increase capacity to 100
    cout << "Size of v1_int = " << v.size() << endl;
    cout << "Capacity v1_int = " << v.capacity() << endl;

    int size = sizeof(v); // how big is vector itself
    cout << "sizeof v =" << size << endl;

    return 0;
}

/*
OUTPUT:
    Size of v = 5
    Capacity v = 5
    Value of each elements is 0 0 0 0 0

    Size of v = 7
    Capacity v = 7
    Value of each elements is 5 8 0 0 0 3 7
    Size of v1_int = 7
    Capacity v1_int = 100
    sizeof v =16
*/