• Android菜鸟的成长笔记(21)——跨进程调用Service


    我们都知道在Android中的每一个应用是一个进程,其实每一个应用就相当于Linux系统里面的一个用户,进程和进程之间的通信其实就相当于用户和用户之间的通信,为了实现这种跨进程通信,Android提供了AIDL Service ( Android Interface definition language).

    与邦等本地Service不同的是,本地Service的onBind()方法会直接把IBinder对象本身传给客户端的ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数。但远程Service的onBind()方法只是将IBinder对象的代理传给客户端的ServiceConnection的onService Connected方法的第二个参数。

    ALDL定义的特点:

    1、AIDL定义接口的源码必须以.aidl结尾。

    2、AIDL接口中用到数据类型,除了基本类型、String、List、Map、CharSequence之外,其他类型全部都需要导包,即使它们在同一个包中也需要导包。

    下面来具体实现一个示例:

    (1)定义AIDL接口(和Java接口非常类似)

    package com.example.testservice;
    
    interface ICat {
    	String getColor();
    	double getWeight();
    }
    

    (2)定以好上面接口后保存,ADT工具会自动在gen.com.example.service目录下生成一个ICat.jar接口,在该接口中包含一个Stub内部类,该内部类实现了IBinder、ICat两个接口,这个Stub类将会作为远程Service的回调类——它实现了IBuilder接口,因此可作为Service的onBind()方法的返回值。这个Stub类就是一个代理类,同样可以实现IBinder的功能,并且还额外实现了ICat远程访问的功能。


    自动生成的ICat.java接口

    /*
     * This file is auto-generated.  DO NOT MODIFY.
     * Original file: D:\adt-bundle-windows-x86-20130729\eclipse\workspace\TestService\src\com\example\testservice\ICat.aidl
     */
    package com.example.testservice;
    
    public interface ICat extends android.os.IInterface {
    	/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */
    	public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements
    			com.example.testservice.ICat {
    		private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.example.testservice.ICat";
    
    		/** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */
    		public Stub() {
    			this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
    		}
    
    		/**
    		 * Cast an IBinder object into an com.example.testservice.ICat
    		 * interface, generating a proxy if needed.
    		 */
    		public static com.example.testservice.ICat asInterface(
    				android.os.IBinder obj) {
    			if ((obj == null)) {
    				return null;
    			}
    			android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
    			if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.example.testservice.ICat))) {
    				return ((com.example.testservice.ICat) iin);
    			}
    			return new com.example.testservice.ICat.Stub.Proxy(obj);
    		}
    
    		@Override
    		public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
    			return this;
    		}
    
    		@Override
    		public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data,
    				android.os.Parcel reply, int flags)
    				throws android.os.RemoteException {
    			switch (code) {
    			case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
    				reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
    				return true;
    			}
    			case TRANSACTION_getColor: {
    				data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
    				java.lang.String _result = this.getColor();
    				reply.writeNoException();
    				reply.writeString(_result);
    				return true;
    			}
    			case TRANSACTION_getWeight: {
    				data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
    				double _result = this.getWeight();
    				reply.writeNoException();
    				reply.writeDouble(_result);
    				return true;
    			}
    			}
    			return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
    		}
    
    		private static class Proxy implements com.example.testservice.ICat {
    			private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
    
    			Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
    				mRemote = remote;
    			}
    
    			@Override
    			public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
    				return mRemote;
    			}
    
    			public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
    				return DESCRIPTOR;
    			}
    
    			@Override
    			public java.lang.String getColor()
    					throws android.os.RemoteException {
    				android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
    				android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
    				java.lang.String _result;
    				try {
    					_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
    					mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getColor, _data, _reply,
    							0);
    					_reply.readException();
    					_result = _reply.readString();
    				} finally {
    					_reply.recycle();
    					_data.recycle();
    				}
    				return _result;
    			}
    
    			@Override
    			public double getWeight() throws android.os.RemoteException {
    				android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
    				android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
    				double _result;
    				try {
    					_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
    					mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getWeight, _data, _reply,
    							0);
    					_reply.readException();
    					_result = _reply.readDouble();
    				} finally {
    					_reply.recycle();
    					_data.recycle();
    				}
    				return _result;
    			}
    		}
    
    		static final int TRANSACTION_getColor = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
    		static final int TRANSACTION_getWeight = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
    	}
    
    	public java.lang.String getColor() throws android.os.RemoteException;
    
    	public double getWeight() throws android.os.RemoteException;
    }
    
    (3)定义一个Service实现类,该Service的onBind()方法所返回的IBinder对象应该是ADT所生成的ICat.Stub的子类的实例。这一步的主要作用是将上面创建的接口暴漏给客户端。

    package com.example.testservice;
    
    import java.util.Timer;
    import java.util.TimerTask;
    
    import com.example.testservice.ICat.Stub;
    
    import android.app.Service;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.os.RemoteException;
    
    public class AidlService extends Service{
    	
    	private CatBinder catBinder;
    	Timer timer = new Timer();
    	String[] colors = new String[]{
    			"红色",
    			"黄色",
    			"黑色"
    	};
    	double[] weights = new double[]{
    			2.3,
    			3.1,
    			1.58
    	};
    	
    	private String color;
    	private double weight;
    
    	
    	@Override
    	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {	
    		/*
    		 * 返回catBinder对象
    		 * 在绑定本地Service的情况下,该catBinder对象会直接传给客户端的
    		 * ServiceConnection对象的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数;
    		 * 在绑定远程Service的情况下,只将catBinder对象的代理传给客户端的
    		 * ServiceConnection对象的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数;
    		 */
    		return catBinder;
    	}
    	
    	//继承Stub,也就是实现了ICat接口,并实现了IBinder接口
    	public class CatBinder extends Stub{
    
    		@Override
    		public String getColor() throws RemoteException {
    			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    			return color;
    		}
    
    		@Override
    		public double getWeight() throws RemoteException {
    			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    			return weight;
    		}
    		
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public void onCreate() {
    		super.onCreate();
    		catBinder = new CatBinder();
    		timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
    			
    			@Override
    			public void run() {
    				int rand = (int)(Math.random() * 3);
    				color = colors[rand];
    				weight = weights[rand];
    				System.out.println("---------" + rand);
    			}
    		}, 0, 800);
    	}
    
    }
    

    (4)在AndroidMainfest.xml文件中配置该Service

            <service android:name=".AidlService">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="com.example.testservice.action.AIDL_SERVICE"/>
                </intent-filter>
            </service>

    (5)客户端访问AIDL Service

    上面说过AIDL是定义在两个进程之间通信的一个接口,既然是一个通信协议,客户端同样需要前面定义的AIDL接口,所以第一步就是将AIDL文件复制到客户端应用中。

    package com.example.testservice;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.app.Service;
    import android.content.ComponentName;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.ServiceConnection;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.os.RemoteException;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.EditText;
    
    public class AidlClient extends Activity{
    	private ICat catService;
    	private Button get;
    	EditText color, weight;
    	private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
    		
    		@Override
    		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
    			
    		}
    		
    		@Override
    		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
    			//获取远程Service的onBind方法返回的对象的代理
    			catService = ICat.Stub.asInterface(service);
    		}
    	};
    	
    	protected void onCreate(android.os.Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    		setContentView(R.layout.main);
    		get = (Button)findViewById(R.id.get);
    		color = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.color);
    		weight = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.weight);
    		//创建所需绑定的Service的Intent
    		Intent intent = new Intent();
    		intent.setAction("com.example.testservice.action.AIDL_SERVICE");
    		bindService(intent, conn, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    		get.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
    			
    			@Override
    			public void onClick(View arg0) {
    				try {
    					color.setText(catService.getColor());
    					weight.setText(catService.getWeight() + "");
    				} catch (RemoteException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    		});
    	};
    	
    	@Override
    	protected void onDestroy() {
    		super.onDestroy();
    		//解除绑定
    		this.unbindService(conn);
    	}
    }
    


    下一篇将介绍如何在进程之间传递复杂数据




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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lanzhi/p/6469447.html
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