django 笔记

创建一个项目

django-admin startproject mysite

 验证一下你的Django项目是否工作

python manage.py runserver

python manage.py runserver 8080

python manage.py runserver 0:8000

 创建投票应用程序

python manage.py startapp polls

 数据库中创建表

python manage.py migrate

 通过运行makemigrations告诉Django，已经对模型做了一些更改（在这个例子中，你创建了一个新的模型）并且会将这些更改记录为迁移文件。

python manage.py makemigrations polls

 sqlmigrate命令接收迁移文件的名字并返回它们的SQL语句

python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001

 记住实现模型变更的三个步骤：

• 修改你的模型（在models.py文件中）。
• 运行python manage.py makemigrations ，为这些修改创建迁移文件
• 运行python manage.py migrate ，将这些改变更新到数据库中。

有单独的命令来制作和应用迁移的原因是因为您将提交迁移到您的版本控制系统并将其发送到您的应用程序；它们不仅可以使您的开发更容易，而且还可以被其他开发人员和生产中使用。

 

测试：

import datetime

from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase

from .models import Question


class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
        is in the future.
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

    def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
        is older than 1 day.
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1)
        old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)

    def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date
        is within the last day.
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
        recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)

python manage.py test polls