def capitalize(self): """ 首字母变大写 """ def center(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """ def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列个数 """ def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 解码 """ def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 编码，针对unicode """ def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否以 xxx 结束 """ def expandtabs(self, tabsize=None): """ 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """ def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """ def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format """ 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """ def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """ S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int def isalnum(self): """ 是否是字母和数字 """ """ S.isalnum() -> bool def isalpha(self): """ 是否是字母 """ """ S.isalpha() -> bool def isdigit(self): """ 是否是数字 """ """ S.isdigit() -> bool def islower(self): """ 是否小写 """ """ S.islower() -> bool def isspace(self): """ S.isspace() -> bool def istitle(self): """ S.istitle() -> bool def isupper(self): """ S.isupper() -> bool def join(self, iterable): """ 连接 """ """ S.join(iterable) -> string def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """ """ def lower(self): """ 变小写 """ """ def lstrip(self, chars=None): """ 移除左侧空白 """ """ def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string def rpartition(self, sep): """ S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings def rstrip(self, chars=None): """ S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """ """ S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings def splitlines(self, keepends=False): """ 根据换行分割 """ """ S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否起始 """ """ S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool def strip(self, chars=None): """ 移除两段空白 """ """ S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode def swapcase(self): """ 大写变小写，小写变大写 """ """ S.swapcase() -> string def title(self): """ S.title() -> string def upper(self): """ S.upper() -> string def zfill(self, width): """方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。""" """ S.zfill(width) -> string
运算符
1、算数运算：
2、比较运算：
3、赋值运算：
4、逻辑运算：
5、成员运算：
基本数据类型
1、数字
int（整型）
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
查看各个数据类型的衍生功能：cmd+单击
3.1、数字
# name=("赖晓云") # if "云1" in name: # print("yes") # else: # print("no") # int # str # isalpha() 判断字符串是否全为字母。 # name="laixi1aoyun" # v=name.isalpha() # print(v) #isdecimal(self):判断字符串是否全为十进制字符。 # name="123339q" # v=name.isdecimal() # print(v) # isdigit(self):判断字符串是否为阿拉伯数字。 # name="12331" # v=name.isdigit() # print(v) #isidentifier(self):判断时候为一个合法标识符,变量、函数名、数组名、文件名 # name="1aww" # v=name.isidentifier() # print(v) #islower(self):判断字符串时候全为小写字母。不包含大些字母 # name="1QQaww" # v=name.islower() # print(v) #isnumeric(self):判断字符串时候全为数字,只有数字组成。 # name="122222fa" # v=name.isnumeric() # print(v) #isprintable(self):是否只包含可打印字符:没有验证出false # name="a5 @" # v=name.isprintable() # print(v) #isspace(self):判断字符串时候含有空格:没验证出:true # name="a来的5" # v=name.isspace() # print(v) #istitle(self):检测字符串中所有单词拼音首字母是否为大写,且其他字母为小写 # name="Qsasq Qdsds " # v=name.istitle() # print(v) # isupper(self):检测字符串包含的所有字母时候全为大写字母 # name="QQ1s" # v=name.isupper() # print(v) #join(self, iterable):返回通过指定字符连接序列中元素后生成的新字符串 name="+" sqe=("a","3") v=name.join(sqe) print(v)
3.2、布尔值
真或假
1 或 0
3.3、字符串
hello world
字符串常用功能：
- 移除空白
- 分割
- 长度
- 索引
- 切片
str
# name=("赖晓云") # if "云1" in name: # print("yes") # else: # print("no") # int # str # isalpha() 判断字符串是否全为字母。 # name="laixi1aoyun" # v=name.isalpha() # print(v) #isdecimal(self):判断字符串是否全为十进制字符。 # name="123339q" # v=name.isdecimal() # print(v) # isdigit(self):判断字符串是否为阿拉伯数字。 # name="12331" # v=name.isdigit() # print(v) #isidentifier(self):判断时候为一个合法标识符,变量、函数名、数组名、文件名 # name="1aww" # v=name.isidentifier() # print(v) #islower(self):判断字符串时候全为小写字母。不包含大些字母 # name="1QQaww" # v=name.islower() # print(v) #isnumeric(self):判断字符串时候全为数字,只有数字组成。 # name="122222fa" # v=name.isnumeric() # print(v) #isprintable(self):是否只包含可打印字符:没有验证出false # name="a5 @" # v=name.isprintable() # print(v) #isspace(self):判断字符串时候含有空格:没验证出:true # name="a来的5" # v=name.isspace() # print(v) #istitle(self):检测字符串中所有单词拼音首字母是否为大写,且其他字母为小写 # name="Qsasq Qdsds " # v=name.istitle() # print(v) # isupper(self):检测字符串包含的所有字母时候全为大写字母 # name="QQ1s" # v=name.isupper() # print(v) #join(self, iterable):返回通过指定字符连接序列中元素后生成的新字符串 name="+" sqe=("a","3") v=name.join(sqe) print(v)
3.4、列表
创建列表
1 name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']
1 name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])
基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 追加
- 删除
- 长度
- 切片
- 循环
- 包含
dd
5、元祖
创建元祖：
ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)或ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55))基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 循环
- 长度
- 包含
lass tuple(object): """ tuple() -> empty tuple tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. """ def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0 def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__ """ tuple() -> empty tuple tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes """ pass tuple
6、字典（无序）
创建字典：
1 person = {"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18} 2 或 3 person = dict({"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18})
class dict(object): """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) """ def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 清除内容 """ """ D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """ pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 浅拷贝 """ """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """ pass @staticmethod # known case def fromkeys(S, v=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v. v defaults to None. """ pass def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 根据key获取值，d是默认值 """ """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """ pass def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 是否有key """ """ D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """ return False def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有项的列表形式 """ """ D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """ return [] def iteritems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 项可迭代 """ """ D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D """ pass def iterkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ key可迭代 """ """ D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D """ pass def itervalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ value可迭代 """ """ D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D """ pass def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有的key列表 """ """ D.keys() -> list of D's keys """ return [] def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在字典中移除 """ """ D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised """ pass def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 获取并在字典中移除 """ """ D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty. """ pass def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改 """ """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """ pass def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update """ 更新 {'name':'alex', 'age': 18000} [('name','sbsbsb'),] """ """ D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F. If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k] If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k] """ pass def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有的值 """ """ D.values() -> list of D's values """ return [] def viewitems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 所有项，只是将内容保存至view对象中 """ """ D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """ pass def viewkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """ pass def viewvalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values """ pass def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """ pass def __contains__(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """ return False def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """ pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__ """ dict() -> new empty dictionary dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's (key, value) pairs dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via: d = {} for k, v in iterable: d[k] = v dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2) # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """ pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """ pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """ pass __hash__ = None dict
PS：循环，range，continue 和 break
其他
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，
PS：break、continue
1、for循环
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，
PS：break、continue
li = [11,22,33,44]
for item in li:
print item
2、enumrate
为可迭代的对象添加序号
1 li = [11,22,33] 2 for k,v in enumerate(li, 1): 3 print(k,v)
3、range和xrange
指定范围，生成指定的数字
print range(1, 10)# 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]print range(1, 10, 2)# 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]print range(30, 0, -2)# 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2] 练习题
一、元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}
二、查找
查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品
商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
四、购物车
功能要求：
- 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
- 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
- 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
- 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车
goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 20}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998}, ]
五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择
dic = { "河北": { "石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"], "邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"], } "河南": { ... } "山西": { ... } }