• 阻塞队列


    概念

    阻塞队列(BlockingQueue):支持2个附加操作的队列。阻塞队列常用于生产者和消费者的场景,生产者是往队列中添加元素的线程,消费者是从队列中获取元素的线程。

    附加操作

    1)队列为空时,获取元素的线程会等待队列变为非空

    2)队列为满时,存储元素的线程会等待队列可用。

     

    种类

    ArrayBlockingQueue:由数组结构组成的 有界 阻塞队列

    LinkedBlockingQueue:由链表结构组成的 有界(但默认大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE)阻塞队列

    PriorityBlockingQueue:支持优先级排序的 无界 阻塞队列

    DelayQueue:使用优先级队列实现的 延迟 无界 阻塞队列

    SynchronousQueue不存储元素 的阻塞队列,也即单个元素的队列

    LinkedTransferQueue:由链表结构组成的 无界 阻塞队列

    LinkedBlockingDeque:由链表结构组成的 双向 阻塞队列

     

    方法

    方法抛出异常返回特殊值一直阻塞超时退出
    插入 add(e) offer(e) put(e) offer(e,time,unit)
    移除 remove() poll() take() poll(time,unit)
    检查 element() peek() 不可用 不可用

    插入

    add

    1)合法的add:add元素数量与规定元素数量一致

    import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
     import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
     ​
     public class BlockingQueueDemo {
     ​
         public static void main(String[] args) {
             // 构造方法传参是规定其长度
             BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("1"));
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("2"));
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("3"));
             // true true true
         }
     ​
     }

    2)异常( IllegalStateException )

    当阻塞队列满时候,再往队列里插入元素,会抛出IllegalStateException("Queue full")异常

     import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
     import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
     ​
     public class BlockingQueueDemo {
     ​
         public static void main(String[] args) {
             // 构造方法传参是规定其长度
             BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("1"));
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("2"));
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("3"));
     ​
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("4"));
             // java.lang.IllegalStateException: Queue full
         }
     ​
     }

    offer

    1)如果队列已满,再插入元素,则返回false,而不会抛出异常

    public static void main(String[] args) {
         // 构造方法传参是规定其长度
         BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("1"));
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("2"));
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("3"));
         // true true true
     ​
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("4"));
         // false
     }

    2)设置超时时间

    private static void offer() throws InterruptedException {
         BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
         // 设置超时时间为2s,TimeUnit是时间颗粒度转换,TimeUnit.SECOND代表秒
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("1", 2L, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("2", 2L, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("3", 2L, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         // true true true
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("4", 2L, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         // false
     }

    put

    如果队列已满,再插入元素,就会阻塞,直至可以添加进去为止

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
         try {
             blockingQueue.put("1");
             blockingQueue.put("2");
             blockingQueue.put("3");
             blockingQueue.put("4");
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }

     

    移除

    remove

    合法的remove

     import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
     import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
     ​
     public class BlockingQueueDemo {
     ​
         public static void main(String[] args) {
             // 构造方法传参是规定其长度
             BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
             blockingQueue.add("1");
             blockingQueue.add("2");
             blockingQueue.add("3");
     ​
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
             // 1 2 3
             
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
         }
     ​
     }

    异常(NoSuchElementException)

    当队列为空时,从队列里获取元素时会抛出NoSuchElementException异常

     import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
     import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
     ​
     public class BlockingQueueDemo {
     ​
         public static void main(String[] args) {
             // 构造方法传参是规定其长度
             BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
             blockingQueue.add("1");
             blockingQueue.add("2");
             blockingQueue.add("3");
     ​
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
             
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
             // java.util.NoSuchElementException
         }
     ​
     }

    poll

    当队列为空时,从队列里获取元素时直接返回null,不抛出异常

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
         blockingQueue.offer("1");
         blockingQueue.offer("2");
         blockingQueue.offer("3");
     ​
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
         // 1 2 3
         
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
         // null
     }

    take

    当队列为空时,从队列里获取元素时阻塞,直至其中存在元素

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
         blockingQueue.put("1");
         blockingQueue.put("2");
         blockingQueue.put("3");
     ​
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
     }

    检查

    element

    如果队列为空,则抛异常NoSuchElementException

    import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
     import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
     ​
     public class BlockingQueueDemo {
     ​
         public static void main(String[] args) {
             // 构造方法传参是规定其长度
             BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
             blockingQueue.add("1");
             blockingQueue.add("2");
             blockingQueue.add("3");
     ​
             System.out.println(blockingQueue.element());
             // 1
         }
     ​
     }

    peek

    如果队列为空,则返回null

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         BlockingQueue<String> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
         blockingQueue.offer("1");
         blockingQueue.offer("2");
         blockingQueue.offer("3");
     ​
         System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek());
     }

     

    SynchronousQueue

    SynchronousQueue(同步队列)模拟生产消费

    import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
     import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
     import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
     ​
     public class SynchronousQueueDemo {
     ​
         public static void main(String[] args) {
             // 同步队列不存储元素
             BlockingQueue queue = new SynchronousQueue();
     ​
             // 生产者线程
             new Thread(() -> {
                 try {
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "	 put 1");
                     queue.put("1");
     ​
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "	 put 2");
                     queue.put("2");
     ​
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "	 put 3");
                     queue.put("3");
     ​
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
             }, "provider").start();
     ​
             // 消费者线程
             new Thread(() -> {
                 try {
                     // 每次消费前先睡眠2秒钟
                     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "	" + queue.take());
     ​
                     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "	" + queue.take());
     ​
                     TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "	" + queue.take());
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
             }, "consumer").start();
             
             // 程序执行结果:
             // provider     put 1
             // consumer    1
             // provider     put 2
             // consumer    2
             // provider     put 3
             // consumer    3
         }
     }

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kzyuan/p/14453088.html
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