• WPF 因设置不期望的DataContext,导致的绑定异常


    在MainWindow中,创建一个背景属性BrushTest,并将其绑定至界面上UserControl的BackgroundTest属性

     1 <Window x:Class="WpfApp8.MainWindow"
     2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
     3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
     5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
     6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8"
     7         mc:Ignorable="d"
     8         Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800" x:Name="TheMainWindow">
     9     <Grid>
    10         <local:UserControl1 BackgroundTest="{Binding BrushTest}"/>
    11     </Grid>
    12 </Window>
     1     public partial class MainWindow : Window
     2     {
     3         public MainWindow()
     4         {
     5             InitializeComponent();
     6             BrushTest = Brushes.Red;
     7             this.DataContext = this;
     8         }
    10         public static readonly DependencyProperty BrushTestProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
    11             "BrushTest", typeof(SolidColorBrush), typeof(MainWindow), new PropertyMetadata(default(SolidColorBrush)));
    13         public SolidColorBrush BrushTest
    14         {
    15             get { return (SolidColorBrush) GetValue(BrushTestProperty); }
    16             set { SetValue(BrushTestProperty, value); }
    17         }
    18     }

    UserControl,同样添加一个BackgroundTest属性,并将其绑定至界面。

     1 <UserControl x:Class="WpfApp8.UserControl1"
     2              xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
     3              xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     4              xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
     5              xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
     6              xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8"
     7              mc:Ignorable="d" 
     8              d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
     9     <Grid Background="{Binding BackgroundTest}">
    10     </Grid>
    11 </UserControl>
     1     public partial class UserControl1 : UserControl
     2     {
     3         public UserControl1()
     4         {
     5             InitializeComponent();
     6             this.DataContext = this;
     7         }
     8         public static readonly DependencyProperty BackgroundTestProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
     9             "BackgroundTest", typeof(SolidColorBrush), typeof(UserControl1), new PropertyMetadata(default(SolidColorBrush)));
    10         public SolidColorBrush BackgroundTest
    11         {
    12             get { return (SolidColorBrush) GetValue(BackgroundTestProperty); }
    13             set { SetValue(BackgroundTestProperty, value); }
    14         }
    15     }

    运行后,控制台输出绑定异常,背景设置并没有生效。

    System.Windows.Data Error: 40 : BindingExpression path error: 'BrushTest' property not found on 'object' ''UserControl1' (Name='')'.

    BindingExpression:Path=BrushTest; DataItem='UserControl1' (Name=''); target element is 'UserControl1' (Name=''); target property is 'BackgroundTest' (type 'SolidColorBrush')

    为何错了?

    因为UserControl设置了俩次DataContext,UserControl1内部设置的上下文覆盖了主窗口设置的上下文。

    窗口内<local:UserControl1 BackgroundTest="{Binding BrushTest}"/>绑定的值BrushTest,在UserControl下的上下文无法找到相关值,所以报错了

    此类绑定异常,一不小心还是很容易出现的。

    在窗口设置了DataContext时(自身或者ViewModel),子控件也设置DataContext。有趣的是,在Xaml编辑时,使用Reshaper链接到的是窗口所在的上下文属性。

    所以,子控件设置DataContext时,需要关注下是否有属性被引用绑定外界数据。

    建议子控件减少DataContext的使用,以上可以通过指定数据源进行绑定。比如:

     1 <UserControl x:Class="WpfApp8.UserControl1"
     2              xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
     3              xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
     4              xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
     5              xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
     6              xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8"
     7              mc:Ignorable="d" 
     8              d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800" x:Name="TheUserControl">
     9     <Grid Background="{Binding ElementName=TheUserControl,Path=BackgroundTest}">
    10     </Grid>
    11 </UserControl>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kybs0/p/11977281.html
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