mysql的my.ini文件详解

mysql数据库在配置时包含很多信息：端口号，字符编码，指定根路径 basedir，指定数据存放的路径等信息　　

mysql的字体编码分为两种：

　　　　服务器编码

　　　　客户端输入的编码

　　通常服务器的编码都是utf-8的，可以支持世界各国文字，但是通常客户端输入的一般都可以设置为GBK的编码：

my.ini文件内容

# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File  
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------  
# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard  
#  
#  
# Installation Instructions  
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------  
#  
# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,  
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options  
# (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to  
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.  
#  
# On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory   
# of your server (e.g. C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 4.1). To  
# make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option   
# "--defaults-file".   
#  
# To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a   
# command line shell, e.g.  
# mysqld --defaults-file="C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 4.1my.ini"  
#  
# To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a   
# command line shell, e.g.  
# mysqld --install MySQL41 --defaults-file="C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 4.1my.ini"  
#  
# And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.  
# net start MySQL41  
#  
#  
# Guildlines for editing this file  
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------  
#  
# In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.  
# If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program  
# with the "--help" option.  
#  
# More detailed information about the individual options can also be  
# found in the manual.  
#  
#  
# CLIENT SECTION  
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------  
#  
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.  
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed  
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to  
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the  
# MySQL client library initialization.  
#  
[client]  
  
port=3306  
  
[mysql]  
  
default-character-set=gbk  
  
  
# SERVER SECTION  
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------  
#  
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that  
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this   
# file.  
#  
[mysqld]  
  
# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on  
port=3306  
  
  
#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.  
basedir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/"  
  
#Path to the database root  
datadir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/Data/"  
  
# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is  
# created and no character set is defined  
default-character-set=gbk  
  
# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when  
default-storage-engine=INNODB  
  
# Set the SQL mode to strict  
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"  
  
# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will  
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with  
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the  
# connection limit has been reached.  
max_connections=100  
  
# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them  
# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query  
# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your  
# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the  
# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value  
# is high enough for your load.  
# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are  
# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a  
# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.  
query_cache_size=14M  
  
# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value  
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.  
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files  
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in  
# section [mysqld_safe]  
table_cache=256  
  
# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table  
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk  
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many  
# of them.  
tmp_table_size=17M  
  
  
# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client  
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't  
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces  
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new  
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance  
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)  
thread_cache_size=8  
  
#*** MyISAM Specific options  
  
# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while  
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.  
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created  
# through the key cache (which is slower).  
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G  
  
# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger  
# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the  
# key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in  
# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.  
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size=100G  
  
# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger  
# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the  
# key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in  
# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.  
myisam_sort_buffer_size=33M  
  
# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.  
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory  
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using  
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be  
# used for internal temporary disk tables.  
key_buffer_size=22M  
  
# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.  
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.  
read_buffer_size=64K  
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K  
  
# This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in  
# REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE  
# into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with  
# large settings.  
sort_buffer_size=256K  
  
  
#*** INNODB Specific options ***  
  
  
# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled  
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space  
# and speed up some things.  
#skip-innodb  
  
# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata  
# information.  If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will  
# start to allocate it from the OS.  As this is fast enough on most  
# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this  
# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.  
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M  
  
# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the  
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are  
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small  
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the  
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and  
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2  
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log  
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.  
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1  
  
# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as  
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed  
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large  
# (even with long transactions).  
innodb_log_buffer_size=1M  
  
# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and  
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to  
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this  
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it  
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may  
# cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you  
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not  
# set it too high.  
innodb_buffer_pool_size=40M  
  
# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size  
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid  
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,  
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the  
# recovery process.  
innodb_log_file_size=10M  
  
# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value  
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS  
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.  
innodb_thread_concurrency=10  

（1）设置客户端编码：

 

[client]  

　　　　port=3306  

　　　　[mysql]  

　　　　default-character-set=gbk  

（2）设置服务器端的编码（gbk），端口号（3306），初始化mysql信息，根文件夹和数据文件夹

 

[mysqld]  

　　　　# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on  

　　　　port=3306 

　　　　#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.  

　　　　basedir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/"  

　　　　#Path to the database root  

　　　　datadir="D:/MySQL Server 5.0/Data/"  

　　　　# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is  

　　　　# created and no character set is defined  

　　　　default-character-set=gbk  

（3）my.ini文件的详细解析

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=F:\Hzq Soft\MySql Server 51GA
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录，必须是data，或者是\xxx-data
datadir=F:\Hzq Soft\MySql Server 51GA\data
#innodb_log_arch_dir 默认datadir
#innodb_log_group_home_dir  默认datadir
# 设置mysql服务器的字符集，默认编码
default-character-set=utf8

#连接数的操作系统监听队列数量，如果经常出现“拒绝连接”错误可适当增加此值
back_log = 50
#不使用接听TCP / IP端口方法，mysqld通过命名管道连接
#skip-networking
# 最大连接数量
max_connections = 90
#打开表的线程数量限定，最大4096，除非用mysqld_safe打开限制
table_open_cache = 2048
#MySql 服务接收针对每个进程最大查询包大小
max_allowed_packet = 16M
#作用于SQL查询单笔处理使用的内存缓存，如果一笔操作的二进制数据超过了限定大小，将会在磁盘上开辟空间处理，一般设为 1-2M即可，默认1M
binlog_cache_size = 2M
#单个内存表的最大值限定
max_heap_table_size = 64M
#为每个线程分配的排序缓冲大小
sort_buffer_size = 8M
#join 连表操作的缓冲大小,根据实际业务来设置，默认8M
join_buffer_size = 32M
#操作多少个离开连接的线程的缓存
thread_cache_size = 8
#并发线程数量，默认为8，可适当增加到2倍以内。如果有多个CPU可以乘 上CPU的数量。双核CPU可以乘 上当前最核数再乘 上70%-85%
thread_concurrency = 16
#专用于具体SQL的缓存，如果提交的查询与几次中的某查询相同，并且在query缓存中存在，则直接返回缓存中的结果。
query_cache_size = 64M
#对应上一条设置，当查询的结果超过下面设置的大小时，将不会趣入到上面设置的缓存区中，避免了一个大的结果占据大量缓存。
query_cache_limit = 2M
#设置加全文检索中的最小单词长度。
#ft_min_word_len = 4
#CREATE TABLE 语句的默认表类型，如果不自己指定类型，则使用下行的类型
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
#线程堆栈大小，mysql说它自己用的堆栈大小不超过64K。这个值可适当设高一点（在RCA的项目中都是共用同一个数据库连接的），默认192K
thread_stack = 800K
#设置事务处理的级别,默认 REPEATABLE-READ，一般用它就即可，以下二行按顺序对应，
#可读写未提交的数据，创建未提交的数据副本读写，未提交之前可读不可写，只允许串行序列招行事务。
# READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
#单一内存临时表在内存中的大小，超过此值自动转换到磁盘操作
tmp_table_size = 64M
#启动二进制日志功能，可通过它实现时间点恢复最新的备份
#log-bin=mysql-bin
#二进制日志格式，对就上一条，-建议混合格式
#binlog_format=mixed
#转换查询为缓慢查询
slow_query_log
#对应上一条，如果一个查询超过了下条设定的时间则执行上一条。
long_query_time = 2
#自定义主机ID识别符，用于主从或多服务器之间识别，为 一个 int 类型
server-id = 1
#一般用来缓存MyISAM表的主键，也用于临时的磁盘表缓存主键，上面多次出现临时磁盘表，所以就算不用MyISAM也最好为其设置一个不小的值，默认32M
key_buffer_size = 56M
#全表扫描MyISAM表时的缓存，每个线程拥有下行的大小。
read_buffer_size = 2M
#排序操作时与磁盘之间的缓存，分到每个线程，默认16M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
#MyISAM使用特殊树形进行批量插入时的缓存，如insert ... values(..)(..)(..)
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
#MyISAM索引文件的最大限定，
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 12G
#如果一个myisam表有一个以上的索引， MyISAM可以使用一个以上线程来排序并行它们。较耗硬件资源，如果你的环境不错，可以增加此值。
myisam_repair_threads = 2
#自动检查和修复无法正确关闭MyISAM表。
myisam_recover
# *** INNODB Specific options ***
#开启下条将会禁用 INNODB
#skip-innodb
#一般不用设置或者说设了也没多大用，InnoDB会自己与操作系统交互管理其附加内存池所使用InnoDB的存储数据的大小
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
#innodb整体缓冲池大小，不宜过大，设为本地内存的 50%-75% 比较合适,在本机开发过程中可以设得较小一点如 64M,256M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
#InnoDB的数据存储在一个或多个数据文件组成的表空间
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#用于异步IO操作的线程数量，默认为 4 ，可适当提高
innodb_file_io_threads = 8
#线程数内允许的InnoDB内核,不宜太高
innodb_thread_concurrency = 14
#InnoDB的事务日志快存行为,默认为 1，为0可减轻磁盘I/0操作，还有以为2
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#InnoDB的用于的缓冲日志数据的大小
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
#日志文件，可设置为25%-90%的总体缓存大小，默认 256M. 修改此项要先删除datadirib_logfileXXX
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
#日志组数量，默认为3
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
#InnoDB的日志文件位置。默认是MySQL的datadir
#innodb_log_group_home_dir
#InnoDB最大允许的脏页缓冲池的百分比，默认90
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
#事务死锁超时设定
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# 设置mysql客户端的字符集
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

# Only allow UPDATEs and DELETEs that use keys.
#safe-updates

[WinMySQLAdmin]
# 指定mysql服务启动启动的文件
Server=F:\myweb\MySql Server\bin\mysqld.exe