问题现状
在Java实现批量下载多文件(夹)压缩包(zip)篇幅中通过在服务器上创建临时文件,借助hutool
的ZipUtil
将文件(夹)压缩写入至response
的OutputStream
,实现了多文件(夹)的压缩包下载。其大致流程图可大致描述为:
经过分析和验证上述方式实现的批量下载存在着下列问题
- 1.文件非常大的情形下,步骤1.2. 4将文件先下载到服务器带来了额外的耗时操作,对于用户来说下载文件只需要将文件从文件系统直接写入响应即可。
- 2.由于请求类型为
POST
,所以浏览器不能自动下载文件,步骤5即使将流已写入响应,但是浏览器并不能打开下载页面,需要前端接收到所有Blob
才能打开下载,用户体验极差,易给用户造成批量下载没反应的错觉。
是否存在一种方案,可以将批量下载接口转为GET请求,且可以将文件(夹)直接写入到response的OutputStream?
解决思路
1.首先由于批量下载接口batchDownloadFile
的参数类型为List<DownloadFileParam>
为复杂参数,故无法直接将POST
请求修改为GET;这时候该怎么办呢?
架构思维中,比较常用的一种思路便是分层架构!我门可以将批量下载接口拆为两个接口
通过POST
方式保存下载参数List<DownloadFileParam>
到Redis
,并返回Redis
中该下载参数对应唯一标示key
的接口getBatchDownloadKey
如下
@PostMapping(value = "/getBatchDownloadKey")
public String getBatchDownloadKey(@RequestBody List<DownloadFileParam> params)...
根据返回下载参数唯一标示Key
进行批量下载的GET
接口batchDownloadFile
接口,定义如下
@GetMapping(value = "/batchDownloadFile", produces = "application/octet-stream)
public void batchDownloadFile(@RequestParam("downLoadKey") String downLoadKey)
2.Java
提供了类ZipArchiveOutputStream
允许我们可以直接将带有目录结构的文件压缩到OutputStream
,其使用的伪代码如下
ZipArchiveOutputStream zous = new ZipArchiveOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());
//file为带有目录结构的文件比如:/文件夹/子文件夹/文件.txt
ArchiveEntry entry = new ZipArchiveEntry(file);
InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
zous.putArchiveEntry(entry);
try {
int len;
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
//inputStream为文件流
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
zous.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
zous.closeArchiveEntry();
zous.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
IoUtil.close(inputStream);
}
这样我们就可以避免将文件下载到服务器带来的性能消耗。
3.整个过程的流程图如下
代码实现
保存下载参数请求getBatchDownloadKey
@PostMapping(value = "/getBatchDownloadKey")
public String getBatchDownloadKey(@RequestBody List<DownloadFileParam> params) throws Exception {
try {
String key = IdGenerator.newShortId();
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, JSONObject.toJSONString(params), 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return key;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("getBatchDownloadKey error params={}", params, e);
throw e;
}
}
根据Key
下载文件的接口定义batchDownloadFile
@GetMapping(value = "/pass/batchDownloadFile", produces = "application/octet-stream;charset=UTF-8")
public void batchDownloadFile(@RequestParam("downLoadKey") String downLoadKey,@RequestParam("token") String token) throws Exception {
try {
fileService.batchDownloadFile(downLoadKey, getRequest(), getResponse(),token);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("batchDownloadFile error params={}", downLoadKey, e);
throw e;
}
}
fileService.batchDownloadFile
@Override
public void batchDownloadFile(String key, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,String token) throws Exception {
if (redisUtil.get(token) != null) {
UserSession userSession = JSONObject.parseObject(redisUtil.get(token).toString(), UserSession.class);
//如果存在session或者token是存在于project_token配置的值,通过认证
if (userSession != null) {
Object result = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
if (result == null) {
throw new ParamInvalidException("无效的批量下载参数key");
}
List<DownloadFileParam> params = JSONArray.parseArray(result.toString(), DownloadFileParam.class);
//创建虚拟文件夹
String mockFileName = IdGenerator.newShortId();
String tmpDir = "";
FileUtil.mkdir(tmpDir);
ZipArchiveOutputStream zous = null;
try {
//设置响应
response.reset();
response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
response.setHeader("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(DateFormatUtil.formatDate(DateFormatUtil.yyyyMMdd, new Date()) + ".zip", "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName);
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "Content-Disposition");
//参数组装
zous = new ZipArchiveOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());
zous.setUseZip64(Zip64Mode.AsNeeded);
DownloadFileParam downloadFileParam = new DownloadFileParam();
downloadFileParam.setFileName(mockFileName);
downloadFileParam.setIsFolder(1);
downloadFileParam.setChilds(params);
//递归文件流添加zip
downloadFileToServer(tmpDir, downloadFileParam, zous);
zous.closeArchiveEntry();
} finally {
zous.close();
}
} else {
throw new ResultException("服务内部错误");
}
} else {
throw new ResultException("用户已下线,请重新登录");
}
}
downloadFileToServer
private void downloadFileToServer(String tmpDir, DownloadFileParam downloadFileParam, ZipArchiveOutputStream zous) throws Exception {
List<DownloadFileParam> childs = downloadFileParam.getChilds();
if (EmptyUtils.isNotEmpty(childs)) {
final String finalPath = tmpDir;
childs.stream().forEach(dwp -> dwp.setFile(EmptyUtils.isNotEmpty(finalPath) ? finalPath + File.separator + dwp.getFileName() : dwp.getFileName()));
for (int i = 0; i < childs.size(); i++) {
DownloadFileParam param = childs.get(i);
if (param.getIsFolder() == 0) {
FileInfo fileInfo = fileInfoDao.findById(param.getFileId()).orElseThrow(() -> new DataNotFoundException("文件不存在或已被删除!"));
List<GridFsResource> gridFSFileList = fileChunkDao.findAll(fileInfo.getFileMd5());
ArchiveEntry entry = new ZipArchiveEntry(param.getFile());
zous.putArchiveEntry(entry);
if (gridFSFileList != null && gridFSFileList.size() > 0) {
try {
for (GridFsResource gridFSFile : gridFSFileList) {
InputStream inputStream = gridFSFile.getInputStream();
try {
int len;
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
zous.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
} finally {
IoUtil.close(inputStream);
}
}
zous.closeArchiveEntry();
zous.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//递归下载文件到压缩流
downloadFileToServer(tmpDir, param, zous);
}
}
}
方案总结
一般情况下下载接口最好用GET方式,浏览器会自动开始下载,除此之外,接口参数与下载接口参数间通过添加中间层解藕帮我们解决了POST下载转化为GET下载方式的问题,分层的架构思想是软件架构最常用的一种方式,再解决工作实际问题的过程中,我们要善于变通采用该方式。