SpringMVC是越来越火,自己也弄一个Spring+SpringMVC+JPA的简单框架。
1、搭建环境。
1)下载Spring3.1.2的发布包;Hibernate4.1.7的发布包(没有使用hibernate的API,只是使用了它对JPA的实现);下载 BoneCP 连接池框架及其依赖的jar,下载缓存框架ehcache,全部所用到的jar包如下:
antlr-2.7.7.jar bonecp-0.7.1.RELEASE.jar bonecp-provider-0.7.1-rc2.jar bonecp-spring-0.7.1-rc1.jar com.springsource.net.sf.cglib-2.2.0.jar com.springsource.org.aopalliance-1.0.0.jar com.springsource.org.apache.commons.logging-1.1.1.jar com.springsource.org.aspectj.weaver-1.6.12.RELEASE.jar dom4j-1.6.1.jar ehcache-core-2.5.2.jar<br>ehcache-spring-annotations-1.2.0.jar guava-12.0.jar hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.1.Final.jar hibernate-core-4.1.7.Final.jar hibernate-entitymanager-4.1.7.Final.jar hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar javassist-3.15.0-GA.jar jboss-logging-3.1.0.GA.jar jboss-transaction-api_1.1_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar log4j-1.2.17.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.6-bin.jar org.springframework.aop-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.asm-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.aspects-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.beans-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.context-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.context.support-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.core-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.expression-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.instrument-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.jdbc-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.jms-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.orm-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.oxm-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.test-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.transaction-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web.portlet-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web.servlet-3.1.2.RELEASE.jar slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar slf4j-nop-1.6.1.jar |
2)建立一个Web Project,引入上述jar包
2.1)web.xml配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 配置Log4j -->
<context-param>
<param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
<param-value>spring_springmvc_jpa.root</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 配置编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置Spring监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Spring 刷新Introspector防止内存泄露 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- SpringMVC核心分发器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 映射*.do的请求 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
2.2)在src目录下建立log4j.properties日志配置文件,内容如下:
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,stdout,file
#应用于控制台
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%c]-[%p] %m%n
#应用于文件
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=${spring_springmvc_jpa.root}/app.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%t] [%c] [%p] - %m%n
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug
2.3)在src目录下建立缓存的配置文件ehcache.xml,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="ehcache.xsd"
updateCheck="true" monitoring="autodetect"
dynamicConfig="true">
<!-- <diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/> -->
<!-- 配置缓存文件存放路径 -->
<diskStore path="E:/CacheTmpDir" />
<!--
1.必须要有的属性:
name: cache的名字,用来识别不同的cache,必须惟一。
maxElementsInMemory: 内存管理的缓存元素数量最大限值。
maxElementsOnDisk: 硬盘管理的缓存元素数量最大限值。默认值为0,就是没有限制。
eternal: 设定元素是否持久话。若设为true,则缓存元素不会过期。
overflowToDisk: 设定是否在内存填满的时候把数据转到磁盘上。
2.下面是一些可选属性:
timeToIdleSeconds: 设定元素在过期前空闲状态的时间,只对非持久性缓存对象有效。默认值为0,值为0意味着元素可以闲置至无限长时间。
timeToLiveSeconds: 设定元素从创建到过期的时间。其他与timeToIdleSeconds类似。
diskPersistent: 设定在虚拟机重启时是否进行磁盘存储,默认为false.(我的直觉,对于安全小型应用,宜设为true)。
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds: 访问磁盘线程活动时间。
diskSpoolBufferSizeMB: 存入磁盘时的缓冲区大小,默认30MB,每个缓存都有自己的缓冲区。
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy: 元素逐出缓存规则。共有三种,Recently Used (LRU)最近最少使用,为默认。
First In First Out (FIFO),先进先出。Less Frequently Used(specified as LFU)最少使用
-->
<defaultCache maxElementsInMemory="10000"
eternal="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
overflowToDisk="true"
maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
diskPersistent="false"
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" />
<!-- User cache -->
<cache name="userCache"
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
maxElementsOnDisk="1000"
eternal="false"
overflowToDisk="true"
diskSpoolBufferSizeMB="20"
timeToIdleSeconds="300"
timeToLiveSeconds="600"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LFU" />
</ehcache>
2.4)在src目录下建立数据库连接属性配置文件jdbc.properties,内容如下:
#mysql数据库用
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_springmvc_jpa?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
##===============BoneCP配置==============##
#检查数据库连接池中空闲连接的间隔时间,单位是分,默认值:240,如果要取消则设置为0#
BoneCP.idleConnectionTestPeriod=60
#连接池中未使用的链接最大存活时间,单位是分,默认值:60,如果要永远存活设置为0#
BoneCP.idleMaxAge=60
#每个分区最大的连接数#
BoneCP.maxConnectionsPerPartition=5
#每个分区最小的连接数#
BoneCP.minConnectionsPerPartition=1
#分区数 ,默认值2,最小1,推荐3-4,视应用而定#
BoneCP.partitionCount=3
#每次去拿数据库连接的时候一次性要拿几个,默认值:2#
BoneCP.acquireIncrement=2
#缓存prepared statements的大小,默认值:0#
BoneCP.statementsCacheSize=0
#每个分区释放链接助理进程的数量,默认值:3,除非你的一个数据库连接的时间内做了很多工作,不然过多的助理进程会影响你的性能#
BoneCP.releaseHelperThreads=3
2.5)在WEB-INF目录下建立Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml,内容如下:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:ehcache="http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd
http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring
http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring/ehcache-spring-1.1.xsd">
<!-- 注解支持 -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 启动组件扫描,排除@Controller组件,该组件由SpringMVC配置文件扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.luxh.app">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 属性文件位置 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!-- 数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.jolbox.bonecp.BoneCPDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<!-- 数据库驱动 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<!-- 相应驱动的jdbcUrl-->
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<!-- 数据库的用户名 -->
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<!-- 数据库的密码 -->
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<!-- 检查数据库连接池中空闲连接的间隔时间,单位是分,默认值:240,如果要取消则设置为0 -->
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="${BoneCP.idleConnectionTestPeriod}" />
<!-- 连接池中未使用的链接最大存活时间,单位是分,默认值:60,如果要永远存活设置为0 -->
<property name="idleMaxAge" value="${BoneCP.idleMaxAge}" />
<!-- 每个分区最大的连接数 -->
<property name="maxConnectionsPerPartition" value="${BoneCP.maxConnectionsPerPartition}" />
<!-- 每个分区最小的连接数 -->
<property name="minConnectionsPerPartition" value="${BoneCP.minConnectionsPerPartition}" />
<!-- 分区数 ,默认值2,最小1,推荐3-4,视应用而定 -->
<property name="partitionCount" value="${BoneCP.partitionCount}" />
<!-- 每次去拿数据库连接的时候一次性要拿几个,默认值:2 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="${BoneCP.acquireIncrement}" />
<!-- 缓存prepared statements的大小,默认值:0 -->
<property name="statementsCacheSize" value="${BoneCP.statementsCacheSize}" />
<!-- 每个分区释放链接助理进程的数量,默认值:3,除非你的一个数据库连接的时间内做了很多工作,不然过多的助理进程会影响你的性能 -->
<property name="releaseHelperThreads" value="${BoneCP.releaseHelperThreads}" />
</bean>
<!-- JPA实体管理器工厂 -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="persistenceProvider" ref="persistenceProvider"/>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="jpaVendorAdapter"/>
<property name="jpaDialect" ref="jpaDialect"/>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.luxh.app.entity"/>
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.max_fetch_depth">3</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size">18</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">10</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="javax.persistence.validation.mode">none</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 用于指定持久化实现厂商类 -->
<bean id="persistenceProvider" class="org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence"/>
<!-- 用于设置JPA实现厂商的特定属性 -->
<bean id="jpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>
</bean>
<!-- 用于指定一些高级特性 -->
<bean id="jpaDialect" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
<!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 注解式事务 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
<!-- 启用缓存注解功能 -->
<ehcache:annotation-driven cache-manager="ehCacheManager" />
<!-- cacheManager工厂类,指定ehcache.xml的位置 -->
<bean id="ehCacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean"
p:configLocation="classpath:/ehcache.xml"/>
</beans>
2.6)在WEB-INF目录下建立SpringMVC的配置文件dispatcher-servlet.xml,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.luxh.app.controller"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
2、编写代码
1)在WEB-INF目录下建立名叫jsp的文件夹,用于放置jsp页面,和SpringMVC配置文件中的<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>相对应。
2)创建一个实体。
package cn.luxh.app.entity.privilege;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
/**
* 用户信息
* @author Luxh
*/
@Entity
@Table(name="t_user_info")
public class UserInfo implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3838732995856086555L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue
private Long id;
//账号
@Column(length=20,nullable=false)
private String account;
//密码
@Column(length=20,nullable=false)
private String password;
//姓名
@Column(length=32,nullable=false)
private String name;
//getter、setter
//......
}
3)通用DAO,用于其他DAO继承,
3.1)接口
package cn.luxh.app.dao.base;
/**
* 通用的DAO
* @author Luxh
*/
public interface BaseDao {
/**
* 持久化实体
* @param entity
*/
void save(Object entity);
/**
* 根据主键查询实体
* @param <T>
* @param clazz 实体类
* @param id 主键
* @return
*/
<T> T getById(Class<T> clazz,Object id);
}
3.2)实现
package cn.luxh.app.dao.base;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
/**
* 通用DAO实现
* @author Luxh
*/
@Repository
public class BaseDaoImpl implements BaseDao{
//注入实体管理器
@PersistenceContext
protected EntityManager em;
public <T> T getById(Class<T> clazz, Object id) {
return em.find(clazz, id);
}
public void save(Object entity) {
em.persist(entity);
}
}
4)UserDao,继承于通用DAO
4.1)接口
package cn.luxh.app.dao.privilege;
import cn.luxh.app.dao.base.BaseDao;
/**
* User Dao Interface
* @author Luxh
*/
public interface UserDao extends BaseDao{
}
4.2)实现
package cn.luxh.app.dao.privilege;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import cn.luxh.app.dao.base.BaseDaoImpl;
/**
* User DAO Implement
* @author Luxh
*/
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl implements UserDao{
}
5)通用的业务接口
这里只写一个接口,留给其他Service实现。
package cn.luxh.app.service.base;
/**
* 通用业务接口
* @author Luxh
*/
public interface BaseService {
/**
* 保存实体
* @param entity
*/
void save(Object entity);
/**
* 根据主键获取对象
* @param <T>
* @param clazz 实体类
* @param id 主键
* @return
*/
<T> T getById(Class<T> clazz,Object id);
}
6)用户业务接口UserService,实现通用业务接口的方法,并加上缓存
6.1)接口
package cn.luxh.app.service.privilege;
import cn.luxh.app.service.base.BaseService;
/**
* User Service
* @author Luxh
*/
public interface UserService extends BaseService {
}
6.2)实现
package cn.luxh.app.service.privilege;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.googlecode.ehcache.annotations.TriggersRemove;
import com.googlecode.ehcache.annotations.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import cn.luxh.app.dao.privilege.UserDao;
/**
* User Service Implement
* @author Luxh
*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Cacheable(cacheName="userCache")//缓存数据
public <T> T getById(Class<T> clazz, Object id) {
return userDao.getById(clazz, id);
}
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
@TriggersRemove(cacheName="userCache",removeAll=true)//清除缓存
public void save(Object entity) {
userDao.save(entity);
}
}
7)控制层,暂时还没有写一个公共的Controller用于被继承,就直接写UserController吧
package cn.luxh.app.controller.privilege;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
import cn.luxh.app.entity.privilege.UserInfo;
import cn.luxh.app.service.privilege.UserService;
/**
* User Controller
* @author Luxh
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserController {
private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(UserController.class);
@Autowired
private UserService userService;//注入业务接口
/**
* 用户列表
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/userList.do")
public String userList(ModelMap modelMap) {
LOG.info("访问用户列表");
//打印一句话测试,不查数据库了
return "user/userList"; //根据SpringMVC配置文件配好的前缀和后缀,自动转为:/WEB-INF/jsp/user/userList.jsp
}
/**
* 根据主键查找用户
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/getUserById.do")
public String getUserById(@RequestParam long id) {
LOG.info("id is :"+id);
UserInfo userInfo = userService.getById(UserInfo.class,id);
LOG.info("user's name is :"+userInfo.getName());
return "user/userList";
}
/**
* 保存用户
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/saveUser.do")
public String saveUser(UserInfo userInfo,RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
LOG.info("保存用户");
userService.save(userInfo);
//重定向后的提示信息,使用RedirectAttributes传递,在JSP页面可以用${message}获取
//提示信息只出现一次,刷新也不会重复提示,
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message", "操作成功");
//重定向,防止表单重复提交
return "redirect:userList.do";//相对于当前路径
//return "redirect:/user/userList.do";//相对于当前项目根路径
}
}