• django之ORM介绍


    ORM
    在进入ORM之前,先看一下传统的操作数据库的方式:
    import pymysql
    db = pymysql.connect(db= "guest",
            user="root",
            passwd="",
            host="127.0.0.1",)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    cursor.execute("select realname from sign_guest order by create_time")
    name = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
    print(name)
    ['张三', '李四', '', '李五', 'lily', 'zhangailing', 'dulala', 'adu', 'tester01', 'tester01', 'tester02', 'andy', 'vivian']
    2~5 ---- 首先要连接db
    6   ---- 然后获得db的执行器对象
    7   ---- 然后通过执行器运行sql,此时cursor对象相当于一个容器,存放了执行sql的结果
    8   ---- 最后从cursor中取出来数据
     
    是不是很费事?那么ORM到底是什么呢? ORM就是可以把对db的增删改查等一系列操作通过class.method或者class.attribute的方式来操作,是不是很简单,那么看一下下面这个demo,这个demo就是通过ORM的方式设计并创建了表,可以先看一下代码demo:
    from django.db import models
     
    # Create your models here.
    class UserMessage(models.Model):  # UserMessage对应db的表名
       name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="用户名")
       email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="邮箱")
       address = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="联系地址")
       message = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="留言信息")
     
       class Meta:
          verbose_name = "用户留言信息"
    开始演示---------
    先贴出来demo的目录结构
    首先在message这个应用下的models.py编写一个model代码
    from django.db import models
     
    # Create your models here.
    class UserMessage(models.Model):  # UserMessage对应db的表名
       name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="用户名")
       email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="邮箱")
       address = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="联系地址")
       message = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="留言信息")
     
       class Meta:
          verbose_name = "用户留言信息"
    这里在项目目录执行makemigrations命令,创建migration文件,在message/migrations/下生成一个models的执行文件
    D:myprojectdjangopro1
    (venv3) $ python manage.py makemigrations message
    System check identified some issues:
     
    WARNINGS:
    ?: (2_0.W001) Your URL pattern '^form/$' has a route that contains '(?P<', begins with a '^', or ends with a '$'. This was likely an oversight when migrating to django.urls.path().
    Migrations for 'message':
      messagemigrations001_initial.py
        - Create model UserMessage
    注意:message在django工程里是一个应用的角色,要注册到djangopro1工程的djangopro1里的settings.py中(图中的2,暂时理解为工程主配置应用)
    命令执行如果没有报错,继续执行migrate,如下:
    D:myprojectdjangopro1
    (venv3) $ python manage.py migrate message
    System check identified some issues:
     
    WARNINGS:
    ?: (2_0.W001) Your URL pattern '^form/$' has a route that contains '(?P<', begins with a '^', or ends with a '$'. This was likely an oversight when migrating to django.urls.path().
    Operations to perform:
      Apply all migrations: message
    Running migrations:
      Applying message.0001_initial... OK
     
    到这里UserMessage表就创建成功了,可以在db看一下表结构
    更多学习笔记移步 https://www.cnblogs.com/kknote
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kknote/p/11768365.html
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