redhat7.5静默安装oracle 11G R2

本次安装中所需要的所有软件:
链接： https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zw-ehNEkYbUNj-ujaB4WRw
提取码：mpaf

1.配置/etc/hosts文件和关闭seliux和firewall防火墙

#修改服务器名称及配置hosts文件
[root@redhat7 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname redhat7
[root@redhat7 ~]# echo "192.168.100.35 redhat7">>/etc/hosts

#禁用selinux
[root@redhat7 ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭防火墙
[root@redhat7 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@redhat7 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

　　

2.检查安装数据库所需要的包

#所有yum安装都是通过镜像文件搭建的本地yum源安装的
[root@redhat7 ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgomp libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel numactl-devel perl-Env elfutils-libelf-devel readline readline-devel unzip vim | grep "not installed"

#安装当前服务器所缺少的包,下面是我服务器所需要安装的包(redhat7.5最小化安装)
[root@redhat7 ~]# yum install -y ksh libaio-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel numactl-devel perl-Env elfutils-libelf-devel gcc* readline readline-devel unzip vim 
 
#其中compat-libstdc++-33需手动下载上传安装
root@redhat7 ~]# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

#安装rlwrap,这是一个Linux下使用sqlplus的辅助软件,帮助Linux命令行中sqlplus的上下键退格键
[root@redhat7 ~]# tar -zxvf 12-rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz
[root@redhat7 ~]# cd rlwrap-0.37/
[root@redhat7 rlwrap-0.37]# ./configure
[root@redhat7 rlwrap-0.37]# make&&make install

3.创建用户和组

[root@redhat7 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@redhat7 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@redhat7 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@redhat7 ~]# passwd oracle

　　

4. 系统参数配置

#编辑/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@redhat7 ~]# cat <<END>> /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
END
[root@redhat7 ~]# sysctl -p

#编辑/etc/security/limits.conf
[root@redhat7 ~]# cat <<END>>/etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
END

#编辑/etc/pam.d/login，追加一行
[root@redhat7 ~]# echo "session required /usr/lib64/security/pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
注意pam_limits.so文件的路径,可以先通过find来判断 find / -name pam_limits.so

　　

5.配置oracle用户环境变量

[root@redhat7 ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
#在文件后添加下面的配置
umask 022
export ORACLE_SID=ykgl		#sid
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export EDITOR=vim
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
alias asmcmd='rlwrap asmcmd'

　　

6. 创建安装目录

#u01是oracle安装目录
[root@redhat7 ~]# mkdir /data/u01
#soft是存放数据库软件的目录
[root@redhat7 ~]# mkdir /data/soft
[root@redhat7 ~]# chown -R  oracle:oinstall /data

　　

7. 重启系统，切换oracle用户安装软件

#将数据库软件上传到/data/soft/目录下，解压安装包
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ cd /data/soft/
[oracle@redhat7 soft]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip && unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[oracle@redhat7 soft]$ ls
database  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

　　

8. 编辑静默安装的应答文件db_install.rsp，此文件位于/data/soft/database/response/目录下

[oracle@redhat7 soft] cp database/response/netca.rsp /home/oracle/
#编辑应答文件
[oracle@redhat7 database]$ sed -i '/^#/d' /home/oracle/db_install.rsp #将文件中的注释删除
[oracle@redhat7 database]$ sed -i '/^$/d' /home/oracle/db_install.rsp  #将文件中的空白行删除
[oracle@redhat7 database]$ vim /home/oracle/db_install.rsp
#设置以下内容根据实际情况和需要修改
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=redhat7
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

　　

9. 执行静默安装(需要开启交换分区swap,否则会报错)

[oracle@redhat7 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
 
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 14307 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4095 MB    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-10-28_02-28-55PM. Please wait ...[oracle@redhat7 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
   CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
   ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
You can find the log of this install session at:
 /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2019-10-28_02-28-55PM.log
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/data/u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/silentInstall2019-10-28_02-28-55PM.log' for more details.
 
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
    1. /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
    2. /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
 
Successfully　Setup　software.另开个终端，使用root账户按顺序执行上面的两个脚本



[root@redhat7 ~]# /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
 
Changing groupname of /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@redhat7 ~]# /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Check /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_henry_2019-10-28_14-36-30.log for the output of root script
　　

　　

10. 编辑静默建库应答文件dbca.rsp

#复制建库应答文件dbca.rsp到oracle家目录下
[oracle@redhat7 database]$ cp response/dbca.rsp /home/oracle/
[oracle@redhat7 database]$ sed -i '/^//d' /home/oracle/dbca.rsp #将文件中的注释删除
[oracle@redhat7 database]$ sed -i '/^$/d' /home/oracle/dbca.rsp  #将文件中的空白行删除
[oracle@redhat7 database]$ vim /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
#修改下面这些内容可根据需要修改
GDBNAME = "ykgl"			#服务名
SID = "ykgl"				#sid
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"		#sys密码
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"	#ststem密码
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
DATABASETYPE = "OLTP"
TOTALMEMORY = "2048"

　　

11.执行静默建库

[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ykgl/ykgl.log" for further details.

　　

12. 配置监听，将配置监听的应答文件netca.rsp复制oracle用户的家目录下，不用做修改

[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ cp /data/soft/database/response/netca.rsp home/oracle/
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/netca.rsp
 
Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
在/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/目录下会新增listener.ora 和sqlnet.ora两个文件
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ ls /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora

[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ cat /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
 
LISTENER =　　　　　　　　　　　　====>这个字符串就是监听名
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = henry)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
 
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/u01/app/oracle

#这是个动态监听，监听创建后就已启动。启动，停止，查看监听状态。
#查看监听状态
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ lsnrctl status
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 29-OCT-2019 09:57:37
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                29-OCT-2019 09:29:29
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 28 min. 8 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /data/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/henry/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=henry)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ykgl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ykgl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ykglXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ykgl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

#停止监听
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ lsnrctl stop
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 29-OCT-2019 10:00:10
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The command completed successfully

#启动监听
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ lsnrctl start
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 29-OCT-2019 10:00:46
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Starting /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
 
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /data/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/henry/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=henry)(PORT=1521)))
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                29-OCT-2019 10:00:46
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /data/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/henry/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=henry)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

　　

13. 登入数据库

[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Oct 29 10:13:50 2019
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
 
SQL> show parameter db_name;
 
NAME                     TYPE           VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string         ykgl
 
SQL> select status from v$instance;
 
STATUS
------------------------
OPEN

sql> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
ykgl

　　

14.扩展一,将默认监听端口1521修改成11521和配置远程连接的监听

#先停止监听
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ lsnrctl stop
#修改监听文件
[oracle@redhat7 ~]$ vim /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

#注意文件中的括号需要对齐,也就是上下两个监听的缩进需要保持一致,和k8s中的YAML文件有点类似
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC11521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.35)(PORT = 11521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ykgl )
      (ORACLE_HOME =/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = ykgl )
    )
  )

　　

15.扩展二,创建数据库分配表和用户名密码

SQL> create tablespace TABLESPACE_YKGL_SHANXI datafile '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/tablespace_ykgl_shanxi.dbf' size 500M autoextend on next 5m maxsize unlimited;

SQL> create user ykgl_shanxi identified by "Hn@jin20tvlhw" default tablespace TABLESPACE_YKGL_SHANXI temporary tablespace TEMP profile default;

SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to ykgl_shanxi;

SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;

SQL> commit;