还算是比较顺利，在代码中注释写得已经比较详细了。附上脚本，有兴趣的朋友可以尝试一下。注意bashrc中添加的环境变量名的修改，否则会出现找不到主类等问题。
1 ###ubuntu 14.04 LTS 2 3 ##make hadoop account 4 sudo addgroup hadoop #make a group named hadoop 5 sudo adduser -ingroup hadoop hadoop #add an user named hadoop 6 sudo vi /etc/sudoers #add hadoop into sudoers(hadoop=root) 7 8 ##change your account 9 sudo su hadoop 10 11 ##install ssh 12 sudo apt-get install openssh-server #install openssh-server 13 sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start #start ssh server 14 ps -e | grep ssh #check whether ssh is started or not 15 16 ##log in without password 17 ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" #log in without password generate rsa & rsa.pub 18 cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/authorized_keys #add authorized_keys to realize 'log in without password' 19 ssh localhost #check 20 exit #check 21 22 ##install java environment 23 sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk #install jdk 24 java -version #check whether java is installed or not 25 26 ##get & install hadoop 2.7.1 (under user : hadoop) 27 cd ~ 28 mkdir hadoop 29 sudo wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.1/hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz #get hadoop2.7.1 30 sudo tar xzf hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz #unzip the hadoop-*.*.*.tar.gz 31 sudo rm hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz #remove the zip 32 sudo mv hadoop-2.7.1 /usr/local/ #install hadoop at local 33 sudo chmod 774 /usr/local/hadoop #granted permissions to users (r&w) 34 35 ##configure ~/.bashrc 36 update-alternatives --config java #get java's path (stared one. such as '/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java'. but we just need '/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64' this shorter path to set up JAVA_HOME environment variables) 37 sudo vi ~/.bashrc #edit bashrc file 38 39 ##add the content below to the end of bashrc 40 #--------------------------------------------------------------# 41 42 #HADOOP VARIABLES START 43 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64 44 export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.1 45 export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin 46 export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin 47 export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL 48 export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL 49 export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL 50 export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL 51 export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib/native 52 export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib" 53 #HADOOP VARIABLES END 54 55 #--------------------------------------------------------------# 56 source ~/.bashrc #make the environment variables come into effect 57 58 ##configure hadoop 59 sudo vi /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.1/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh #edit hadoop-env.sh 60 ?JAVA_HOME #(in vim) locate JAVA_HOME 61 #change 'export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}' into 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64' 62 source /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.1/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh #update 63 64 ##test 65 cd /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.1/ #go there 66 sudo mkdir test 67 sudo cp README.txt test 68 bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.1-sources.jar org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount input output