• oracle进阶之connect by笔记


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      connect by 用于存在父子,祖孙,上下级等层级关系的数据表进行层级查询。

      语法格式:
        { CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition [AND condition]... [ START WITH condition ]
        | START WITH condition CONNECT BY [ NOCYCLE ] condition [AND condition]...
        }

      特殊词讲解

        start with: 指定起始节点的条件

        connect by: 指定父子行的条件关系

        prior: 查询父行的限定符,格式: prior column1 = column2 or column1 = prior column2 and ... ,

        nocycle: 若数据表中存在循环行,那么不添加此关键字会报错,添加关键字后,便不会报错,但循环的两行只会显示其中的第一条

        循环行: 该行只有一个子行,而且子行又是该行的祖先行

        connect_by_iscycle: 前置条件:在使用了nocycle之后才能使用此关键字,用于表示是否是循环行,0表示否,1 表示是

        connect_by_isleaf: 是否是叶子节点,0表示否,1 表示是

        level: level伪列,表示层级,值越小层级越高,level=1为层级最高节点

      自定义数据:

    -- 创建表
    create table employee(
           emp_id number(18),
           lead_id number(18),
           emp_name varchar2(200),
           salary number(10,2),
           dept_no varchar2(8)
    );
    
    -- 添加数据
    insert into employee values('1',0,'king','1000000.00','001');
    insert into employee values('2',1,'jack','50500.00','002');
    insert into employee values('3',1,'arise','60000.00','003');
    insert into employee values('4',2,'scott','30000.00','002');
    insert into employee values('5',2,'tiger','25000.00','002');
    insert into employee values('6',3,'wudde','23000.00','003');
    insert into employee values('7',3,'joker','21000.00','003');commit;

      数据列表展示:

      

      数据树形展示:

      

      (1) 查询以emp_id为0开始的节点的所有直属节点

         select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,prior emp_name as lead_name,salary
         from employee
         start with  lead_id=0
         connect by prior emp_id =  lead_id 

      -- 等同于

       select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,prior emp_name as lead_name,salary
         from employee
         start with  emp_id=1
         connect by prior emp_id =  lead_id

      

      (2) 以emp_id为6的所有祖先节点

           select emp_id,lead_id,emp_name,salary
           from employee 
           start with emp_id=6
           connect by prior lead_id=emp_id;

      (3) 查询一个节点的叔叔伯父节点

           with t as (
           select  employee.*,prior emp_name,level le
           from employee 
           start with lead_id = 0
           connect by lead_id=prior emp_id
           )
           select *
           from t 
           left join t tt on tt.emp_id=6
           where t.le = (tt.le-1)
           and t.emp_id not in (tt.lead_id)    

      (4) 查询族兄

           with t as (
                select employee.*,prior emp_name,level le
               from employee 
               start with lead_id=0
               connect by lead_id= prior emp_id
           )
           select t.*
           from t  t
           left join t tt on tt.emp_id=6
           where t.le=tt.le and t.emp_id<>6;

      (5) level伪列的使用,格式化层级

           select lpad(' ',level*2,' ')||emp_name as name,emp_id,lead_id,salary,level
           from employee
           start with lead_id=0
           connect by prior emp_id=lead_id

      level数值越低级别越高

      (6) connect_by_root 查找根节点

           select connect_by_root emp_name,emp_name,lead_id,salary
           from employee  
           where dept_no='002'
           start with lead_id=1
           connect by  prior emp_id = lead_id;

      (7) 标注循环行

           -- 插入一条数据,与另一条emp_id=7的数据组成循环行
           insert into employee values('3',7,'joker_cycle','21000.00','003');
           commit;
           -- connect_by_iscycle("CYCLE"), connect by nocycle
           select emp_id,emp_name,lead_id,salary,connect_by_iscycle as cycle 
           from employee 
           start with lead_id=0
           connect by nocycle prior emp_id = lead_id;

      (8) connect_by_isleaf 是否是叶子节点

           select emp_id,emp_name,lead_id,salary,connect_by_isleaf
           from employee
           start with lead_id=0
           connect by nocycle prior emp_id=lead_id;

      

      

        

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/king-xg/p/6794562.html
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