URN与URL隶属于URI,三者的意思分别如下:
URI:Uniform Resource Identify【统一资源标识符】
URL:Uniform Resource Location【统一资源定位符】
URN:Uniform Resource Name【统一资源名称】
1:URI
一般有三部分组成:
- 访问资源的命名机制。
- 存放资源的主机名。
- 资源自身的名称,由路径表示。
基本格式:
[scheme:]schemeSpecificPart/[path][#anchor]
注:其中scheme事先已经规定好,具体可以引用,后面加之以冒号与schemeSpecificPart隔开,再加上“/”,跟上路径。如果URI指向一个资源的内部,那么这种URI应该以“#”结束,并跟着一个片段标识符anchor。
举一个例子:
其中一个例子是http://www.baidu.com/html/test.htm#section,其中http是scheme,//www.cnn.com是 schemeSpecificPart,并且它的scheme与schemeSpecificPart被冒号分开了,紧接着路径html/test.htm,后面是片段标识符section.
具体在Andriod开发中的常见URI使用有如下一些例子,以下例子引用自:
http://blog.csdn.net/sunny09290/article/details/7514963
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- 显示网页:
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri);
- 3. startActivity(it);
- 显示地图:
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri);
- 3. startActivity(it);
- 路径规划:
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat% 20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI);
- 3. startActivity(it);
- 拨打电话:
- 调用拨号程序
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
- 3. startActivity(it);
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx");
- 2. Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri);
- 3. 要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="Android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
- 发送SMS/MMS
- 调用发送短信的程序
- 1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
- 2. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
- 3. it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
- 4. startActivity(it);
- 发送短信
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
- 3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");
- 4. startActivity(it);
- 发送彩信
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
- 3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");
- 4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
- 5. it.setType("image/png");
- 6. startActivity(it);
- 发送Email
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
- 3. startActivity(it);
- 1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
- 2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");
- 3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
- 4. it.setType("text/plain");
- 5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
- 1. Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
- 2. String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};
- 3. String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};
- 4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
- 5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
- 6. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
- 7. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
- 8. it.setType("message/rfc822");
- 9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
- 添加附件
- 1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
- 2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
- 3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3[/url]");
- 4. sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
- 5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
- 播放多媒体
- 1.
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
- 3. Uri uri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/song.mp3[/url]");
- 4. it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
- 5. startActivity(it);
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
- 3. startActivity(it);
- Uninstall 程序
- 1. Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);
- 2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
- 3. startActivity(it);
- //调用相册
- public static final String MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG = "image/*";
- public static final int ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE = 0;
- Intent getImage = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
- getImage.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
- getImage.setType(MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG);
- startActivityForResult(getImage, ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE);
- //调用系统相机应用程序,并存储拍下来的照片
- Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
- time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
- intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(Environment
- .getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/tucue", time + ".jpg")));
- startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_GET_CAMERA_IMAGE);
- uninstall apk
- /**未测试
- Uri uninstallUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
- returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uninstallUri);
- */
- Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:"+wistatmap);
- Intent uninstallIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, packageURI);
- startActivity(uninstallIntent);
- install apk
- Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
- returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri);
- play audio
- Uri playUri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3[/url]");
- returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri);
- //发送附件
- Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
- it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
- it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/eoe.mp3[/url]");
- sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
- startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
- //搜索应用
- Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");
- Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
- startActivity(it);
- //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application
- //进入联系人页面
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
- intent.setData(People.CONTENT_URI);
- startActivity(intent);
- //查看指定联系人
- Uri personUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, info.id);//info.id联系人ID
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
- intent.setData(personUri);
- startActivity(intent);
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2:URL
URL的格式
URL的格式由下列三部分组成:
- 第一部分是协议(或称为服务方式);
- 第二部分是存有该资源的主机IP地址(有时也包括端口号);
- 第三部分是主机资源的具体地址。,如目录和文件名等。
第一部分和第二部分之间用“://”符号隔开,第二部分和第三部分用“/”符号隔开。第一部分和第二部分是不可缺少的,第三部分有时可以省略。
3:URN
URL的一种更新形式,统一资源名称(URN, Uniform Resource Name)不依赖于位置,并且有可能减少失效连接的个数。但是其流行还需假以时日,因为它需要更精密软件的支持。详情请参考专业资料。
总结:体系中的URI、URL和URN是彼此关联的。URI的范畴位于体系的顶层,URL和URN的范畴位于体系的底层。