• C#事件(Event)学习日记


    event 关键字的来由,为了简化自定义方法的构建来为委托调用列表增加和删除方法。

    在编译器处理 event 关键字的时候,它会自动提供注册和注销方法以及任何必要的委托类型成员变量。

    这些委托成员变量总是声明为私有的,因此不能直接从触发事件对象访问它们。

    温馨提示:如果您对于委托不是很了解,您可以先看 C#委托(Delegate) ,这对您理解本章会有所帮助。

    定义一个事件的步骤:

    1. 需要定义一个委托,它包含事件触发时将要调用方法
    2. 通过 event 关键字用相关委托声明这个事件

    话不多说,我们来看一个示例:

    1. 定义Car类:

    public class Car
    {
        // 这个委托用来与Car事件协作
        public delegate void CarEngineHandler(string msg);

      //
    这种汽车可以发送这些事件 public event CarEngineHandler Exploded; public event CarEngineHandler AboutToBlow; public int CurrentSpeed { get; set; } public int MaxSpeed { get; set; } public string PetName { get; set; } private bool CarIsDead; public Car() { MaxSpeed = 100; } public Car(string name, int maxSp, int currSp) { CurrentSpeed = currSp; MaxSpeed = maxSp; PetName = name; } public void Accelerate(int delta) { // 如果Car无法使用了,触发Exploded事件 if (CarIsDead) { if (Exploded != null) { Exploded("sorry,this car is dead"); } } else { CurrentSpeed += delta; // 确认已无法使用,触发AboutToBlow事件 if ((MaxSpeed - CurrentSpeed) == 10 && AboutToBlow != null) { AboutToBlow("careful buddy ! gonna blow !"); } if (CurrentSpeed >= MaxSpeed) { CarIsDead = true; } else { Console.WriteLine($"CurrentSpeed={CurrentSpeed}"); } } } }

     以上我们已经设定了Car对象发送两个自定义事件,这不再需要自定义注册函数,也不需要声明委托成员变量。稍后我们将说到如何使用这个汽车,在此之前,让我们了解一下事件的架构,揭开事件的神秘面纱。

    2. 事件神秘面纱

    C#事件事实上会扩展两个隐藏的公共方法,一个 add_事件名称,一个 remove_事件名称。

    add_Exploded() CIL指令

    remove_Exploded() CIL指令

    代表事件本身的CIL代码使用 .addon 和 .removeon 指令调用对应的 add_xxx() 和 remove_xxx()方法

    3. 使用Car类

    了解了这些之后,我们来使用之前定义的Car类:

    public class MyEvent
    {
        public static void Show()
        {
            WriteLine("fun with events");
            Car c1 = new Car("bwm", 100, 10);
    
            // 注册事件处理程序
            c1.AboutToBlow += new Car.CarEngineHandler(CarIsAlomostDoomed);
            c1.AboutToBlow += new Car.CarEngineHandler(CarAboutToBlow);
    
            Car.CarEngineHandler d = new Car.CarEngineHandler(CarExploded);
            c1.Exploded += d;
    
            WriteLine("******Speeding up******");
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                c1.Accelerate(20);
            }
    
            // 注销,从调用列表中移除CarExploded()方法
            c1.Exploded -= d;
    
            WriteLine("******Speeding up******");
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                c1.Accelerate(20);
            }
        }
        private static void CarExploded(string msg) => WriteLine($"CarExploded-> {msg}");
    
        private static void CarAboutToBlow(string msg) => WriteLine($"CarAboutToBlow=>{msg}");
    
        private static void CarIsAlomostDoomed(string msg) => WriteLine($"CarIsAlomostDoomed-> {msg}");
    }

    运行效果图:

    为了进一步简化事件注册,我们可以用到委托章节学习到的方法组转换语法(解释:我可以在调用以委托作为参数的方法时,直接提供方法的名称,而不是委托对象)

    下面请看使用方法组转换,注册和注销事件,粗体部分:

    public static void Show()
    {
        WriteLine("fun with events");
        Car c1 = new Car("bwm", 100, 10);
    
        // 注册事件处理程序
        c1.AboutToBlow += CarIsAlomostDoomed;
        c1.AboutToBlow += CarAboutToBlow;
        c1.Exploded += CarExploded;
    
        WriteLine("******Speeding up******");
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
        {
            c1.Accelerate(20);
        }
    // 注销,从调用列表中移除CarExploded()方法 c1.Exploded -= CarExploded; WriteLine("******Speeding up******"); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { c1.Accelerate(20); } }

     

    4. 创建自定义事件参数

    微软的事件模式:(System.Object sender,System.EventArgs args)这一两个参数的模型。

    第一个参数 sender :表示一个对发送事件的对象(Car)的引用,

    第二个参数 args :与该事件相关的信息

    System.EventArgs 基类源代码:

    public class EventArgs {
        public static readonly EventArgs Empty = new EventArgs();
        
        public EventArgs() 
        {
        }
    }

    那么对于简单的事件类型来说,我们可以直接传递一个EventArgs的实例,但是如果我们期望传递自定义的数据,就应该从System.EventArgs派生出一个子类。
    我们接下来就为我们的 Car 自定义一个符合这种事件模式的事件参数,新建一个 CarEventArgs 类,包含一个字符串,表示要发送给接收者的信息:

    public class CarEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        public readonly string msg;
        public CarEventArgs(string message)
        {
            msg = message;
        }
    }

    我们修改一下Car类,新添加一个 CarCustomEngineHandler 委托,并且更改相应的事件代码:

    public class Car
    {
        public delegate void CarCustomEngineHandler(object sender, CarEventArgs e);
    
        // 模仿微软正规(object sender, EventArgs e)写法
        public event CarCustomEngineHandler CustomExploded;
        public event CarCustomEngineHandler CustomAboutToBlow;
    
        public void AccelerateCustom(int delta)
        {
            if (CarIsDead)
            {
                if (CustomExploded != null)
                {
                    CustomExploded(this, new CarEventArgs("sorry,this car is dead"));
                }
            }
            else
            {
                CurrentSpeed += delta;
    
                if ((MaxSpeed - CurrentSpeed) == 10 && CustomAboutToBlow != null)
                {
                    CustomAboutToBlow(this, new CarEventArgs("careful buddy ! gonna blow !"));
                }
    
                if (CurrentSpeed >= MaxSpeed)
                {
                    CarIsDead = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"CurrentSpeed={CurrentSpeed}");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    看一下调用粗体部分(是如何使用传递的参数sender,e的):

    public class MyCustomEvents
    {
        public static void Show()
        {
            WriteLine("fun with events");
            Car c1 = new Car("bwm", 100, 10);
    
            c1.CustomAboutToBlow += CarIsAlomostDoomed;
            c1.CustomAboutToBlow += CarAboutToBlow;
    
            Car.CarCustomEngineHandler d = CarExploded;
            c1.CustomExploded += d;
    
            WriteLine("******Speeding up******");
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                c1.AccelerateCustom(20);
            }
    
            c1.CustomExploded -= d;
    
            WriteLine("******Speeding up******");
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                c1.AccelerateCustom(20);
            }
        }
    
        private static void CarExploded(object sender, CarEventArgs e) => WriteLine($"CarExploded->{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
    
        private static void CarAboutToBlow(object sender, CarEventArgs e) => WriteLine($"CarAboutToBlow=>{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
    
        private static void CarIsAlomostDoomed(object sender, CarEventArgs e) => WriteLine($"CarIsAlomostDoomed->{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
    }


    5. 泛型 EventHandler<T> 委托

    public delegate void EventHandler<TEventArgs>(object sender, TEventArgs e);

    由于很多自定义委托接受(object,EventArgs)这样的参数结构,那么我们可以使用框架内置的 EventHandler<> 来简化我们的事件 委托。

    首先修改一下Car类:

    public class Car
    {
        public event EventHandler<CarEventArgs> StandardExploded;
        public event EventHandler<CarEventArgs> StandardAboutToBlow;
    
        public void AccelerateStandard(int delta)
        {
            if (CarIsDead)
            {
                if (StandardExploded != null)
                {
                    StandardExploded(this, new CarEventArgs("sorry,this car is dead"));
                }
            }
            else
            {
                CurrentSpeed += delta;
    
                if ((MaxSpeed - CurrentSpeed) == 10 && StandardAboutToBlow != null)
                {
                    StandardAboutToBlow(this, new CarEventArgs("careful buddy ! gonna blow !"));
                }
    
                if (CurrentSpeed >= MaxSpeed)
                {
                    CarIsDead = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"CurrentSpeed={CurrentSpeed}");
                }
            }
        }
    }


    调用代码其实和上一段并没有太大差异,这里还是贴出来:

    public class MyStandardEvent
    {
        public static void Show()
        {
            WriteLine("fun with events");
            Car c1 = new Car("bwm", 100, 10);
    
            c1.StandardAboutToBlow += CarIsAlomostDoomed;
            c1.StandardAboutToBlow += CarAboutToBlow;
    
            EventHandler<CarEventArgs> d = CarExploded;
            c1.StandardExploded += d;
    
            WriteLine("******Speeding up******");
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                c1.AccelerateStandard(20);
            }
    
            c1.StandardExploded -= d;
    
            WriteLine("******Speeding up******");
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                c1.AccelerateStandard(20);
            }
        }
    
        private static void CarExploded(object sender, CarEventArgs e) => WriteLine($"CarExploded->{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
    
        private static void CarAboutToBlow(object sender, CarEventArgs e) => WriteLine($"CarAboutToBlow=>{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
    
        private static void CarIsAlomostDoomed(object sender, CarEventArgs e) => WriteLine($"CarIsAlomostDoomed->{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
    }

    6.匿名方法

    这么简单的处理操作, CarExploded() ,CarAboutToBlow()这一的方法很少会被调用委托之外的任何程序所调用。从生成效率来说,手工定义一个由委托对象调用的方法有点麻烦耶。

    为了解决这种情况,现在事件注册时,可以直接将一个委托与一段代码关联 -- 匿名方法

    我们修改一下调用Car类的地方(注意粗体部分、最后一个大括号 ";" 结束):

    public class MyAnonymousMtehoden
    {
        public static void Show()
        {
            int aboutToBlowCounter = 0;
    
            WriteLine("fun with events");
            Car c1 = new Car("bwm", 100, 10);
    
            c1.StandardAboutToBlow += delegate
            {
                WriteLine("Eek,going to fast");
            };
    
            c1.StandardAboutToBlow += delegate (object sender, CarEventArgs e)
            {
                aboutToBlowCounter++;
                WriteLine($"CarAboutToBlow=>{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
            };
    
            c1.StandardExploded += delegate (object sender, CarEventArgs e)
            {
                aboutToBlowCounter++;
    
                WriteLine($"Exploded=>{((Car)sender)?.PetName} {e.msg}");
            };
    
            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
            {
                c1.AccelerateStandard(20);
            }
    
            WriteLine($"aboutToBlowCounter={aboutToBlowCounter}");
        }
    }

    本文参考《精通C#》

    学无止境,望各位看官多多指教。

  • 相关阅读:

    暴力求解/数学问题
    Leetcode207. Course Schedule
    Balanced Team
    由先序和中序求后序
    Median String
    树的同构
    uva 202
    整除光棍
    阅览室
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kewolf/p/4696906.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知