我们都知道，Ubuntu的官方源对于国内用户来说是比较慢的，可以将它的源换成国内的源（比如阿里源），这样用起来就很快了。下面记录下更换操作：
首先了解下/etc/apt/sources.list文件 文件/etc/apt/sources.list是一个普通可编辑的文本文件，保存了ubuntu软件更新的源服务器的地址。 和sources.list功能一样的是/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list(*代表一个文件名，只能由字母、数字、下划线、英文句号组成)， 该文件夹下的文件是第三方软件的源，可以分别存放不同的第三源地址，只需“扩展名”为list即可。 sources.list.d目录下的*.list文件为在单独文件中写入源的地址提供了一种方式，通常用来安装第三方的软件。 如下是ubuntu官方sources.list文件内容： deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse 以上内容的具体含义如下： 1）每一行的开头是deb或者deb-src，分别表示直接通过.deb文件进行安装和通过源文件的方式进行安装。 2）deb或者deb-src字段之后，是一段URL，之后是五个用空格隔开的字符串，分别对应相应的目录结构。 在浏览器中输入http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/，并进入dists目录，可以发现有5个目录和前述sources.list文件中的第三列字段相对应。 任选其中一个目录进入，可以看到和sources.list后四列相对应的目录结构 以上官方的ubuntu源在国内使用，通常都会很慢，以至于在使用过程中报错。 ----------------下面是我在线上使用过的一个ubuntu的源--------------------- root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$" deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse --------------下面是替换成阿里源的内容------------- root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse ##测试版源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # 源码 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse ##测试版源 deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # Canonical 合作伙伴和附加 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get update 更新源 root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get upgrade 更新软件 -------------更换成其他开放的ubuntu源，做法和上面同理---------------- 再比如下面更换成网易源（打开文件中的url。进入dists目录下就能看到xenial等对应的目录结构了） root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get update 更新源 root@ubuntutest03-KVM:~# apt-get upgrade 更新软件