• 谈c++ pb_ds库(一)rope大法好


    参考资料

    1)官方说明

    支持

    sorry,cena不支持rope

    声明

    1)头文件

    #include<ext/rope>

    2)调用命名空间

    using namespace __gnu_cxx;

    底层原理

    查了资料,大概可以称作可持久化平衡树,因为rope适用于大量、冗长的串操作,而不适合单个字符操作官方说明如下:

    Though ropes can be treated as Containers of characters, and are almost Sequences, this is rarely the most efficient way to accomplish a task. Replacing an individual character in a rope is slow: each character replacement essentially consists of two substring operations followed by two concatenation operations. Ropes primarily target a more functional programming style.Inserting a character in the middle of a 10 megabyte rope should take on the order of 10s of microseconds, even if a copy of the original is kept, e.g. as part of an edit history.It is possible to view a function producing characters as a rope. Thus a piece of a rope may be a 100MByte file, which is read only when that section of the string is examined. Concatenating a string to the end of such a file does not involve reading the file. (Currently the implementation of this facility is incomplete.)

    另,根据网上资料,rope本质是封装好的类似块状链表的东东,有人说是logn的,但也有说是n^0.5的。rope不支持一切数值操作,如第k大

    小知识

    先介绍几个可能使用到的函数

    1)append()

    string &append(const string &s,int pos,int n);//把字符串s中从pos开始的n个字符连接到当前字符串的结尾

    a.append(b);
    2)substr()

    s.substr(0,5);//获得字符串s中从第零位开始长度为5的字符串(默认时长度为刚好开始位置到结尾)

    定义/声明

    rope<char> str;


    also

    <crope>r="abcdefg"

    具体内容

    总的来说,

    1)运算符:rope支持operator += -= + - < ==

    2)输入输出:可以用<<运算符由输入输出流读入或输出。

    3)长度/大小:调用length(),size()都可以哦

    4)插入/添加等:

    push_back(x);//在末尾添加x

    insert(pos,x);//在pos插入x,自然支持整个char数组的一次插入

    erase(pos,x);//从pos开始删除x个

    copy(pos,len,x);//从pos开始到pos+len为止用x代替

    replace(pos,x);//从pos开始换成x

    substr(pos,x);//提取pos开始x个

    at(x)/[x];//访问第x个元素

    访问

    1)迭代器:不说,在竞赛是超时大忌

    2)单点访问,直接用数组形式调用下标即可

    应用

    一、bzoj1269 文本编辑器

    如果想看正常版本的看我的splay平衡树代码

    实现操作:
    1.(已知)move k:移动光标到目标,初始为0
    2.(已知)prev:光标前移一个字符
    3.(已知)next:光标后移一个字符
    4.insert n s:在光标后插入长度为n的字符串s光标位置不变
    5.delete n 删除光标后的n个字符,光标位置不变
    6.rotate n 反转光标后的n个字符,光标位置不变
    7.get 输出光标后一个字符,光标位置不变

    solution

    为实现反转操作且保证不超时,我们不调用rope自带的可怕函数,暴力构建两个rope,插入时一个正序插入一个倒序插入,区间即为子串赋值

    #include<cstdio>
    #include<ext/rope>
    #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    using namespace __gnu_cxx;
    inline int Rin(){
      int x=0,c=getchar(),f=1;
      for(;c<48||c>57;c=getchar())
        if(!(c^45))f=-1;
      for(;c>47&&c<58;c=getchar())
        x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+c-48;
      return x*f;
    }
    int n,pos,x,l;
    rope<char>a,b,tmp;
    char sign[10],ch[1<<22],rch[1<<22];
    int main(){
      n=Rin();
      while(n--){
        scanf("%s",sign);
        switch(sign[0]){
        case'M':pos=Rin();break;
        case'P':pos--;break;
        case'N':pos++;break;
        case'G':putchar(a[pos]);putchar('
    ');break;
        case'I':
          x=Rin();
          l=a.length();
          for(int i=0;i<x;i++){
        do{ch[i]=getchar();}
        while(ch[i]=='
    ');
        rch[x-i-1]=ch[i];
          }
          ch[x]=rch[x]='';
          a.insert(pos,ch);
          b.insert(l-pos,rch);
          break;
        case'D':
          x=Rin();
          l=a.length();
          a.erase(pos,x);
          b.erase(l-pos-x,x);
          break;
        case'R':
          x=Rin();
          l=a.length();
          tmp=a.substr(pos,x);
          a=a.substr(0,pos)+b.substr(l-pos-x,x)+a.substr(pos+x,l-pos-x);
          b=b.substr(0,l-pos-x)+tmp+b.substr(l-pos,pos);
          break;
        }
      }
      return 0;
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/keshuqi/p/6257642.html
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