• [Cocoa]深入浅出Cocoa之Method Swizzling


    [Cocoa]深入浅出Cocoa之Method Swizzling

    本文遵循“署名-非商业用途-保持一致”创作公用协议
     

    在前文深入浅出Cocoa之消息中,我简要介绍了ObjC 中消息的基本情况,包括SEL查找,缓存以及消息转发等。在本文中,我要介绍一个很有趣的技术,Method swizzling,通过这个手法,我们可以动态修改方法的实现,从而达到修改类行为的目的。当然,还有其他办法(如 ClassPosing,Category)也可以达到这个目的。ClassPosing 是针对类级别的,是重量级的手法,Category 也差不多,比较重量级,此外 Category 还无法避免下面的递归死循环(如果你的代码出现了如下形式的递归调用,应该考虑一下你的设计,而不是使用在这里介绍的 Method Swizzling 手法,:))。

    // Bar
    //
    @implementation Bar

    - (void) testMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod");
    }

    @end

    // Bar(BarCategory)
    //
    @implementation Bar(BarCategory)

    - (void) altRecursionMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod");
    [self altRecursionMethod];
    }

    @end
    在前文深入浅出Cocoa之消息中提到,ObjC 中的类(class)和实例(instance)都是对象,类对象有自己的类方法列表,实例对象有自己的实例方法列表,这些方法列表(struct objc_method_list)是存储在 struct objc_class 中的。每个方法列表存储近似 SEL:Method 的对,Method 是一个对象,包含方法的具体实现 impl。由此可知,我们只需要修改 SEL 对应的 Method 的 impl 既可以达到修改消息行为的目的。下面来看代码:
    void PerformSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel, BOOL forInstance)
    {
    // First, make sure the class isn't nil
    if (aClass != nil) {
    Method orig_method = nil, alt_method = nil;

    // Next, look for the methods
    if (forInstance) {
    orig_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, orig_sel);
    alt_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, alt_sel);
    } else {
    orig_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, orig_sel);
    alt_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, alt_sel);
    }

    // If both are found, swizzle them
    if ((orig_method != nil) && (alt_method != nil)) {
    IMP temp;

    temp = orig_method->method_imp;
    orig_method->method_imp = alt_method->method_imp;
    alt_method->method_imp = temp;
    } else {
    #if DEBUG
    NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Original %@, Alternate %@",(orig_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found",(alt_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found");
    #endif
    }
    } else {
    #if DEBUG
    NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Class not found");
    #endif
    }
    }

    void MethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel)
    {
    PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, YES);
    }

    void ClassMethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel)
    {
    PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, NO);
    }

    让我们来分析上面代码:
    1,首先,区分类方法和实例方法;
    2,取得 SEL 对应的 Method;
    3,修改 Method 的 impl,在这里是通过交换实现的。

    上面的代码是可以工作的,但还不够完善。Apple 10.5 提供了交换 Method 实现的 API: method_exchangeImplementations 。下面我们使用这个新 API,并以 NSObject category的形式给出新的实现方式:

    #if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
    #import <objc/runtime.h>
    #import <objc/message.h>
    #else
    #import <objc/objc-class.h>
    #endif

    // NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory)
    //
    @interface NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory)

    + (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel;
    + (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel;

    @end

    @implementation NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory)

    + (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel
    {
    Method origMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel);
    if (!origSel) {
    NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(origSel), [self class]);
    return NO;
    }

    Method altMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel);
    if (!altMethod) {
    NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(altSel), [self class]);
    return NO;
    }

    class_addMethod(self,
    origSel,
    class_getMethodImplementation(self, origSel),
    method_getTypeEncoding(origMethod));
    class_addMethod(self,
    altSel,
    class_getMethodImplementation(self, altSel),
    method_getTypeEncoding(altMethod));

    method_exchangeImplementations(class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel), class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel));

    return YES;
    }

    + (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel
    {
    Class c = object_getClass((id)self);
    return [c swizzleMethod:origSel withMethod:altSel];
    }

    @end 
     
    代码就不用多解释了,下面我们来看如何使用。先看辅助类Foo:
    Foo.h
    //
    // Foo.h
    // MethodSwizzling
    //
    // Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12.
    // Copyright (c) 2012 http://www.cnblogs.com/kesalin/. All rights reserved.
    //

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

    // Foo
    //
    @interface Foo : NSObject

    - (void) testMethod;
    - (void) baseMethod;
    - (void) recursionMethod;

    @end

    // Bar
    //
    @interface Bar : Foo

    - (void) testMethod;

    @end

    // Bar(BarCategory)
    //
    @interface Bar(BarCategory)

    - (void) altTestMethod;
    - (void) altBaseMethod;
    - (void) altRecursionMethod;

    @end
    Foo.m
    //
    // Foo.m
    // MethodSwizzling
    //
    // Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12.
    // Copyright (c) 2012 http://www.cnblogs.com/kesalin/. All rights reserved.
    //

    #import "Foo.h"

    // Foo
    //
    @implementation Foo

    - (void) testMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Foo testMethod");
    }

    - (void) baseMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Foo baseMethod");
    }

    - (void) recursionMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Foo recursionMethod");
    }

    @end

    // Bar
    //
    @implementation Bar

    - (void) testMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod");
    }

    @end

    // Bar(BarCategory)
    //
    @implementation Bar(BarCategory)

    - (void) altTestMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod");
    }

    - (void) altBaseMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod");
    }

    - (void) altRecursionMethod
    {
    NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod");
    [self altRecursionMethod];
    }

    @end
     
    下面是具体的使用示例:
    int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
    {
    @autoreleasepool
    {
    Foo * foo = [[[Foo alloc] init] autorelease];
    Bar * bar = [[[Bar alloc] init] autorelease];

    NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 1 =========");

    NSLog(@" Step 1");
    [foo testMethod];
    [bar testMethod];
    [bar altTestMethod];

    NSLog(@" Step 2");
    [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(testMethod) withMethod:@selector(altTestMethod)];
    [foo testMethod];
    [bar testMethod];
    [bar altTestMethod];

    NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 2 =========");
    NSLog(@" Step 1");
    [foo baseMethod];
    [bar baseMethod];
    [bar altBaseMethod];

    NSLog(@" Step 2");
    [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(baseMethod) withMethod:@selector(altBaseMethod)];
    [foo baseMethod];
    [bar baseMethod];
    [bar altBaseMethod];

    NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 3 =========");
    [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(recursionMethod) withMethod:@selector(altRecursionMethod)];
    [bar recursionMethod];
    }

    return 0;
    }

     输出结果为:注意,test 3 中调用了递归调用“自己”的方法,你能理解为什么没有出现死循环么?

    ========= Method Swizzling test 1 =========
    Step 1
    >> Foo testMethod
    >> Bar testMethod
    >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod
    Step 2
    >> Foo testMethod
    >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod
    >> Bar testMethod
    ========= Method Swizzling test 2 =========
    Step 1
    >> Foo baseMethod
    >> Foo baseMethod
    >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod
    Step 2
    >> Foo baseMethod
    >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod
    >> Foo baseMethod
    ========= Method Swizzling test 3 =========
    >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod
    >> Foo recursionMethod

    test 3 解释:在函数体 {} 之间的部分是真正的 IMP,而在这之前的是 SEL。通常情况下,SEL 是与 IMP 匹配的,但在 swizzling 之后,情况就不同了。下图就是调用的时序图。

     

    rentzsch 写了一个完善的开源类 jrswizzle 来处理 Method Swizzling,如果你在工程中使用到 Method Swizzling 手法,应该优先使用这个类库,:)。

     

    Refference

    MethodSwizzlinghttp://www.cocoadev.com/index.pl?ExtendingClasses

    jrswizzlehttps://github.com/rentzsch/jrswizzle

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kesalin/p/objc_method_swizzling.html
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