有时候在ORACLE数据库创建视图时会遇到:ORA-01031:insufficient privileges错误,我也多次碰到了各种创建视图出错的情况，很多时候也没有太在意，今天被一同事问起这个问题，顺便总结一下出错的各种场景。
场景1：使用sys或system账号登陆数据库，创建dm、ods账号（授予connect、resource角色）
1: [oracle@DB-Server ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
2:
3: SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Mar 14 10:28:49 2014
4:
5: Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
6:
7:
8: Connected to:
9: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
10: With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
11:
12:
13:
14: SQL> create user dm identified by dm default tablespace tbs_dm_data;
15:
16: User created.
17:
18:
19:
20: SQL> grant connect, resource to dm;
21:
22: Grant succeeded.
23:
24:
25:
26: SQL> create user ods identified by ods default tablespace tbs_ods_data;
27:
28: User created.
29:
30: SQL> grant connect ,resource to ods;
31:
32: Grant succeeded.
在另外一个窗口，以dm账号登录数据库
1: [oracle@DB-Server bdump]$ sqlplus /nolog
2:
3: SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Mar 14 10:35:30 2014
4:
5: Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
6:
7: SQL> conn dm
8: Enter password:
9: Connected.
创建测试表test，并插入数据。然后创建该表对应的视图v_dm_test时报ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
1: SQL> create table dm.test
2: 2 (
3: 3 name varchar2(12)
4: 4 );
5:
6: Table created.
7:
8: SQL> insert into dm.test
9: 2 select 'kerry' from dual;
10:
11: 0 rows created.
12:
13: SQL> commit;
14:
15: SQL> create or replace view v_dm_test
16: 2 as
17: 3 select * from dm.test;
18: create or replace view v_dm_test
19: *
20: ERROR at line 1:
21: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
22:
23:
24: SQL>
结论：在这个场景出现这个错误，是因为账号dm并没有授予创建视图的权限。需要授予dm账号创建视图的权限。以sys/system等具有DBA权限的账号登陆数据库，授予dm账号创建视图的权限。
1: sys 账号：
2:
3: SQL> show user;
4: USER is "SYS"
5: SQL> grant create view to dm;
6:
7: Grant succeeded.
8:
9: dm 账号：
10:
11: SQL> show user
12: USER is "DM"
13: SQL> create or replace view v_dm_test
14: 2 as
15: 3 select * from dm.test;
16:
17: View created.
场景2：在上面的场景中,在ods账号下创建test_ods表并插入数据。然后授权select给dm用户，然后在dm用户下创建视图
1: ods login database
2:
3: SQL> show user
4: USER is "ODS"
5: SQL> create table ods.test_ods
6: 2 (
7: 3 name varchar2(12)
8: 4 );
9:
10: Table created.
11:
12: SQL> insert into ods.test_ods
13: 2 select 'jimmy' from dual;
14:
15: 1 row created.
16:
17: SQL> commit;
18:
19: Commit complete.
20:
21: SQL> grant select on ods.test_ods to dm;
22:
23: Grant succeeded.
24:
25:
26: dm login database
27:
28: SQL> conn dm
29: Enter password:
30: Connected.
31: SQL> select * from ods.test_ods;
32:
33: NAME
34: ------------
35: jimmy
36:
37: SQL> create or replace view v_ods_test
38: 2 as
39: 3 select * from ods.test_ods;
40:
41: View created.
先删除视图v_ods_test,然后收回用户dm创建视图的权限。
1: sys login database
2: SQL> show user
3: USER is "SYS"
4: SQL> revoke create view from dm;
5:
6: Revoke succeeded.
7:
8: SQL>
然后在dm下创建视图时会出现场景一的错误，
1: SQL> show user
2: USER is "DM"
3: SQL> create or replace view v_ods_test
4: 2 as
5: 3 select * from ods.test_ods;
6: create or replace view v_ods_test
7: *
8: ERROR at line 1:
9: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
但是即使dm没有创建视图的权限了，我依然可以在sys用户下创建dm下视图
1: SQL> show user;
2: USER is "SYS"
3: SQL> create or replace view dm.v_ods_test
4: 2 as
5: 3 select * from ods.test_ods;
6:
7: View created.
场景3: 在上面场景中，我们依然给予DM账号创建视图的权限，然后按如下步骤去测试
1: SQL> show user
2: USER is "ODS"
3: SQL> create table ods.test_view
4: 2 (
5: 3 name varchar2(12)
6: 4 )
7: 5 ;
8:
9: Table created.
10:
11: SQL> insert into ods.test_view
12: 2 select 'kkk' from dual;
13:
14: 1 row created.
15:
16: SQL> commit;
17:
18: Commit complete.
创建角色role_select_test，然后将表test_view的查询权限授予该角色，最后将该角色授予dm用户
1: sys user login
2:
3: SQL> show user
4: USER is "SYS"
5: SQL> create role role_select_test;
6:
7: Role created.
8:
9: SQL> grant select on ods.test_view to role_select_test;
10:
11: Grant succeeded.
12:
13: SQL> grant role_select_test to dm;
14:
15: Grant succeeded.
但是在dm用户下，创建视图时报错。
1: SQL> conn dm
2: Enter password:
3: Connected.
4: SQL> select * from ods.test_view;
5:
6: NAME
7: ------------
8: kkk
9:
10: SQL> create or replace view dm.v_ods_test2
11: 2 as
12: 3 select * from ods.test_view;
13: select * from ods.test_view
14: *
15: ERROR at line 3:
16: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
这时，如果显示将表ods.test_view的查询权限授予dm后，就可以创建视图。
1: SQL> show user
2: USER is "ODS"
3: SQL> grant select on ods.test_view to dm;
4:
5: Grant succeeded.
6:
7:
8:
9: SQL> show user
10: USER is "DM"
11: SQL> create or replace view dm.v_odst_test2
12: 2 as
13: 3 select * from ods.test_view;
14:
15: View created.
结论：
创建create view 的时候，是不可以利用相应的role隐式授权的，必须显式的授予这个对象相应的权限。metalink解释如下：
reason：Under SQL, if a user can select another user's table and has the privilege to create a view, then the create view works. Yet, a create view on the other user's table generates ORA-01031 if the select privilege has been granted to a role and not directly.
官方文档关于创建视图的权限：
Privileges Required to Create Views
To create a view, you must meet the following requirements:
You must have been granted the CREATE VIEW (to create a view in your schema) or CREATE ANY VIEW (to create a view in another user's schema) system privilege, either explicitly or through a role.
You must have been explicitly granted the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE object privileges on all base objects underlying the view or the SELECT ANY TABLE, INSERT ANY TABLE, UPDATE ANY TABLE, or DELETE ANY TABLE system privileges. You may not have obtained these privileges through roles.
Additionally, in order to grant other users access to your view, you must have received object privilege(s) to the base objects with the GRANT OPTION option or appropriate system privileges with the ADMIN OPTION option. If you have not, grantees cannot access your view."