默认情况下,当我们创建一个数据库连接时,会运行在自动提交模式(Auto-commit)下。这意味着,任何时候我们执行一条SQL完成之后,事务都会自动提交。所以我们执行的每一条SQL都是一个事务,并且如果正在运行DML或者DDL语句,这些改变会在每一条SQL语句结束的时存入数据库。有时候我们想让一组SQL语句成为事务的一部分,那样我们就可以在所有语句运行成功的时候提交,并且如果出现任何异常,这些语句作为事务的一部分,我们可以选择将其全部回滚。
让我们通过一个简单的示例理解一下,这里使用JDBC的事务管理来支持数据的完整性
/*
* 发生异常回滚所有执行更新的sql
* */
public void insrolledAll() {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement1 = null;
//这里参数用?占位符表示
String sqlTeacher = "insert into teacher ( name, age, hobby, addr) values (?,?,?,?)";
String sqlStudent = "insert into student (name, age, addr, hobby) values (?,?,?,?)";
try {
//获取数据连接
connection = basicUse.getConnection();
//设置事务自动提交为手动提交
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
//获取发送sql指令执行sql进行预编译
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sqlStudent);
//设置sql语句参数索引从1开始
preparedStatement.setObject(1, "Tom");
preparedStatement.setObject(2, 24);
preparedStatement.setObject(3, "上海");
preparedStatement.setObject(4, "篮球");
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("执行sqlStudent" + sqlStudent);
//手动制造异常
int i = 10 / 0;
preparedStatement1 = connection.prepareStatement(sqlTeacher);
preparedStatement1.setObject(1, "kenx");
preparedStatement1.setObject(2, 24);
preparedStatement1.setObject(3, "足球");
preparedStatement1.setObject(4, "北京");
preparedStatement1.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("执行sqlTeacher" + sqlTeacher);
//提交事务
connection.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
//回滚事务
try {
connection.rollback();
System.out.println("JDBC Transaction rolled back successfully");
} catch (SQLException e1) {
System.out.println("SQLException in rollback" + e1.getMessage());
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//执行完数据库操作后记得关闭数据库连接资源
try {
preparedStatement.close();
preparedStatement1.close();
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
JDBC Savepoint示例
有时候一个事务可能是一组复杂的语句,因此可能想要回滚到事务中某个特殊的点。JDBC Savepoint帮我们在事务中创建检查点(checkpoint),这样就可以回滚到指定点。当事务提交或者整个事务回滚后,为事务产生的任何保存点都会自动释放并变为无效。把事务回滚到一个保存点
/*
* 发生异常回滚到指定的位置
* */
public void insrolledSavepoint() {
Savepoint savepoint = null;
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement1 = null;
//这里参数用?占位符表示
String sqlTeacher = "insert into teacher ( name, age, hobby, addr) values (?,?,?,?)";
String sqlStudent = "insert into student (name, age, addr, hobby) values (?,?,?,?)";
try {
//获取数据连接
connection = basicUse.getConnection();
//设置事务自动提交为手动提交
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
//获取发送sql指令执行sql进行预编译
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sqlStudent);
//设置sql语句参数索引从1开始
preparedStatement.setObject(1, "JDBC");
preparedStatement.setObject(2, 24);
preparedStatement.setObject(3, "上海");
preparedStatement.setObject(4, "篮球");
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("执行sqlStudent" + sqlStudent);
//设置回滚的点 失败只会回滚老师信息
savepoint = connection.setSavepoint("teacher");
preparedStatement1 = connection.prepareStatement(sqlTeacher);
preparedStatement1.setObject(1, "kenx");
preparedStatement1.setObject(2, 24);
preparedStatement1.setObject(3, "足球");
preparedStatement1.setObject(4, "北京");
preparedStatement1.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("执行sqlTeacher" + sqlTeacher);
//手动制造异常
int i = 10 / 0;
//提交事务
connection.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
//回滚事务
try {
if (StrUtil.isEmptyIfStr(savepoint)) {
//回滚所有更新sql
connection.rollback();
System.out
.println("JDBC Transaction rolled back successfully");
} else {
connection.rollback(savepoint);
System.out.println("JDBC Transaction rolled back successfully");
connection.commit();
}
} catch (SQLException e1) {
System.out.println("SQLException in rollback" + e1.getMessage());
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//执行完数据库操作后记得关闭数据库连接资源
try {
preparedStatement.close();
preparedStatement1.close();
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
完整项目案例
点击这里 github