题意:
人推箱子从起点到终点,要求推箱子的次数最少,并打印出来人移动的路径。
思路:
1. 首先要明确的一点:对于箱子进行宽搜的同时,要兼顾人是否能够把箱子推到相应的位置,理清这点,写代码就变成体力活了;
2. 对于要打印路径,使用C++里面的 string 会比较合适,相当于 string 代替了 step 的作用,达到记录每一次移动路径的目的;
3. 代码没有加任何优化,时间上也不是特别理想,如果用曼哈顿距离的启发函数来搜索的话,相信时间肯定还会有一个提升;
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
const int dir[4][2] = {{-1,0},{1,0},{0,1},{0,-1}};
const char dirman[4] = {'n','s','e','w'};
const char dirbox[4] = {'N','S','E','W'};
char grid[21][21];
int row, col;
struct ST {
int manx, many;
int boxx, boxy;
string path;
ST() : path("") {}
ST(int _manx, int _many, int _boxx, int _boxy, string& _path)
: manx(_manx), many(_many), boxx(_boxx), boxy(_boxy), path(_path) {}
};
struct POS {
int x, y;
string path;
POS() : path("") {}
POS(int _x, int _y) : x(_x), y(_y), path("") {}
POS(int _x, int _y, string& _path) : x(_x), y(_y), path(_path) {}
};
bool judge(int x, int y) {
if (0 < x && x <= row && 0 < y && y <= col && grid[x][y] != '#') {
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool bfsman(string& path, const POS& s, const POS& t) {
bool vis[21][21];
memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
queue<POS> Q;
Q.push(s);
vis[s.x][s.y] = true;
while (!Q.empty()) {
POS u = Q.front();
Q.pop();
if (u.x == t.x && u.y == t.y) {
path = u.path;
return true;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
int x = u.x + dir[i][0];
int y = u.y + dir[i][1];
string p = u.path + dirman[i];
if (!vis[x][y] && judge(x, y)) {
vis[x][y] = true;
Q.push(POS(x, y, p));
}
}
}
return false;
}
bool bfsbox(string& path, const ST& s, const POS& t) {
bool vis[21][21];
memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
queue<ST> Q;
Q.push(s);
vis[s.boxx][s.boxy] = true;
while (!Q.empty()) {
ST u = Q.front();
Q.pop();
if (u.boxx == t.x && u.boxy == t.y) {
path = u.path;
return true;
}
grid[u.boxx][u.boxy] = '#';
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
int x = u.boxx + dir[i][0];
int y = u.boxy + dir[i][1];
int a = u.boxx - dir[i][0];
int b = u.boxy - dir[i][1];
if (!vis[x][y] && judge(x, y) && judge(a, b)) {
string pathman = "";
if (bfsman(pathman, POS(u.manx, u.many), POS(a, b))) {
vis[x][y] = true;
string p = u.path + pathman + dirbox[i];
Q.push(ST(u.boxx, u.boxy, x, y, p));
}
}
}
grid[u.boxx][u.boxy] = '.';
}
return false;
}
int main() {
int cases = 0;
while (scanf("%d%d", &row, &col) && row && col) {
ST s;
POS t;
for (int i = 1; i <= row; i++) {
scanf("%s", &grid[i][1]);
for (int j = 1; j <= col; j++) {
if (grid[i][j] == 'S')
s.manx = i, s.many = j;
else if (grid[i][j] == 'B')
s.boxx = i, s.boxy = j;
else if (grid[i][j] == 'T')
t.x = i, t.y = j;
}
}
string path = "";
if (bfsbox(path, s, t))
printf("Maze #%d\n%s\n\n", ++cases, path.c_str());
else
printf("Maze #%d\nImpossible.\n\n", ++cases);
}
return 0;
}