• POJ 3414 Pots(BFS + 打印路径)


    题意:

    有 A, B 两个容器,找到一种最优的倒水方案,使得最终有一个容器剩余量为 C。

    思路:

    BFS,用 vector 来保存路径,可以和 DFS 打印路径作出一个对比。因为 DFS 是有能力恢复先前状态的,而 BFS 则需要另外想办法恢复。

    #include <iostream>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <deque>
    #include <vector>
    using namespace std;
    
    const int MAXN = 110;
    
    struct ST {
        int a, b, step;
        ST(int _a, int _b, int _d) : a(_a), b(_b), step(_d) {}
    };
    
    struct PATH {
        int op, pre;
        PATH(int _op, int _pre) : op(_op), pre(_pre) {}
    };
    
    int A, B, C;
    bool vis[MAXN][MAXN];
    
    inline bool judge(int a, int b) {
        if (a == C || b == C) {
            return true;
        } 
        return false;
    }
    
    int bfs(vector<PATH>& P) {
        deque<ST> Q;
        Q.push_back(ST(0, 0, 0));
        P.push_back(PATH(-1, -1));
        vis[0][0] = true;
    
        int cflag = -1;
        while (!Q.empty()) {
            cflag += 1;
            ST s = Q.front();
            Q.pop_front();
    
            // fill a, op = 1
            if (!vis[A][s.b]) {
                vis[A][s.b] = true;
                Q.push_back(ST(A, s.b, s.step + 1));
                P.push_back(PATH(1, cflag));
                if (judge(A, s.b)) return s.step + 1;
            }
            // drop a, op = 2
            if (!vis[0][s.b]) {
                vis[0][s.b] = true;
                Q.push_back(ST(0, s.b, s.step + 1));
                P.push_back(PATH(2, cflag));
                if (judge(0, s.b)) return s.step + 1;
            }
            // fill b, op = 3
            if (!vis[s.a][B]) {
                vis[s.a][B] = true;
                Q.push_back(ST(s.a, B, s.step + 1));
                P.push_back(PATH(3, cflag));
                if (judge(s.a, B)) return s.step + 1;
            }
            // drop b, op = 4
            if (!vis[s.a][0]) {
                vis[s.a][0] = true;
                Q.push_back(ST(s.a, 0, s.step + 1));
                P.push_back(PATH(4, cflag));
                if (judge(s.a, 0)) return s.step + 1;
            }
            int a, b;
            // pour(a, b), op = 5
            if (s.a + s.b <= B) {
                a = 0, b = s.a + s.b;
            } else {
                a = s.a + s.b - B, b = B;
            }
            if (!vis[a][b]) {
                vis[a][b] = true;
                Q.push_back(ST(a, b, s.step + 1));
                P.push_back(PATH(5, cflag));
                if (judge(a, b)) return s.step + 1;
            }
            // pour(b, a), op = 6
            if (s.a + s.b <= A) {
                a = s.a + s.b, b = 0;
            } else {
                a = A, b = s.a + s.b - A;
            }
            if (!vis[a][b]) {
                vis[a][b] = true;
                Q.push_back(ST(a, b, s.step + 1));
                P.push_back(PATH(6, cflag));
                if (judge(a, b)) return s.step + 1;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
    
    int main() {
        scanf("%d%d%d", &A, &B, &C);
        vector<PATH> P;
        int ans = bfs(P);
        if (ans == -1) {
            printf("impossible\n");
        } else {
            printf("%d\n", ans);
            vector<int> v;
            for (int i = P.size()-1; i != -1; i = P[i].pre) {
                v.push_back(P[i].op);
            }
            for (int i = v.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) {
                if (v[i] == 1)
                    printf("FILL(1)\n");
                else if (v[i] == 2)
                    printf("DROP(1)\n");
                else if (v[i] == 3)
                    printf("FILL(2)\n");
                else if (v[i] == 4)
                    printf("DROP(2)\n");
                else if (v[i] == 5)
                    printf("POUR(1,2)\n");
                else if (v[i] == 6)
                    printf("POUR(2,1)\n");
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kedebug/p/2970055.html
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