总结一下dpdk的uio技术
一:什么是uio技术
UIO(Userspace I/O)是运行在用户空间的I/O技术,Linux系统中一般的驱动设备都是运行在内核空间,而在用户空间用应用程序调用即可,而UIO则是将驱动的很少一部分运行在内核空间,而在用户空间实现驱动的绝大多数功能!使用UIO可以避免设备的驱动程序需要随着内核的更新而更新的问题。
工作原理图:
从图中可以看出,用户空间下的驱动程序比运行在内核空间的驱动要多得多,UIO框架下运行在内核空间的驱动程序所做的工作很简单,常做的只有两个:分配和记录设备需要的资源和注册uio设备和必须在内核空间实现的小部分中断应答函数。
二:UIO驱动注册
首先来看一个简单的UIO驱动代码,代码来自网上,非原创,旨在学习
内核部分:
/* * This is simple demon of uio driver. * Version 1 *Compile: * Save this file name it simple.c * #echo "obj -m := simple.o" > Makefile * #make -Wall -C /lib/modules/'uname -r'/build M='pwd' modules *Load the module: * #modprobe uio * #insmod simple.ko */ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/platform_device.h> #include <linux/uio_driver.h> #include <linux/slab.h> /*struct uio_info { struct uio_device *uio_dev; // 在__uio_register_device中初始化 const char *name; // 调用__uio_register_device之前必须初始化 const char *version; //调用__uio_register_device之前必须初始化 struct uio_mem mem[MAX_UIO_MAPS]; struct uio_port port[MAX_UIO_PORT_REGIONS]; long irq; //分配给uio设备的中断号,调用__uio_register_device之前必须初始化 unsigned long irq_flags;// 调用__uio_register_device之前必须初始化 void *priv; // irqreturn_t (*handler)(int irq, struct uio_info *dev_info); //uio_interrupt中调用,用于中断处理 // 调用__uio_register_device之前必须初始化 int (*mmap)(struct uio_info *info, struct vm_area_struct *vma); //在uio_mmap中被调用, // 执行设备打开特定操作 int (*open)(struct uio_info *info, struct inode *inode);//在uio_open中被调用,执行设备打开特定操作 int (*release)(struct uio_info *info, struct inode *inode);//在uio_device中被调用,执行设备打开特定操作 int (*irqcontrol)(struct uio_info *info, s32 irq_on);//在uio_write方法中被调用,执行用户驱动的 //特定操作。 };*/ struct uio_info kpart_info = { .name = "kpart", .version = "0.1", .irq = UIO_IRQ_NONE, }; static int drv_kpart_probe(struct device *dev); static int drv_kpart_remove(struct device *dev); static struct device_driver uio_dummy_driver = { .name = "kpart", .bus = &platform_bus_type, .probe = drv_kpart_probe, .remove = drv_kpart_remove, }; static int drv_kpart_probe(struct device *dev) { printk("drv_kpart_probe(%p) ",dev); kpart_info.mem[0].addr = (unsigned long)kmalloc(1024,GFP_KERNEL); if(kpart_info.mem[0].addr == 0) return -ENOMEM; kpart_info.mem[0].memtype = UIO_MEM_LOGICAL; kpart_info.mem[0].size = 1024; if(uio_register_device(dev,&kpart_info)) return -ENODEV; return 0; } static int drv_kpart_remove(struct device *dev) { uio_unregister_device(&kpart_info); return 0; } static struct platform_device * uio_dummy_device; static int __init uio_kpart_init(void) { uio_dummy_device = platform_device_register_simple("kpart",-1,NULL,0); return driver_register(&uio_dummy_driver); } static void __exit uio_kpart_exit(void) { platform_device_unregister(uio_dummy_device); driver_unregister(&uio_dummy_driver); } module_init(uio_kpart_init); module_exit(uio_kpart_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("IGB_UIO_TEST"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("UIO dummy driver");
UIO的驱动注册与其他驱动类似,通过调用linux提供的uio API接口进行注册,在注册之前,所做的主要工作是填充uio_info结构体的信息,主要包括内存大小、类型等信息的填充。填充完毕后调用uio_register_device()函数,将uio_info注册到内核中。注册后,在/sys/class/uio/uioX,其中X是我们注册的第几个uio设备,比如uio0,在该文件夹下的map/map0会有我们刚才填充的一些信息,包括addr、name、size、offset,其中addr保存的是设备的物理地址,size保存的是地址的大小,这些在用户态会将其读出,并mmap至用户态进程空间,这样用户态便可直接操作设备的内存空间。
用户态:
#include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <errno.h> #define UIO_DEV "/dev/uio0" #define UIO_ADDR "/sys/class/uio/uio0/maps/map0/addr" #define UIO_SIZE "/sys/class/uio/uio0/maps/map0/size" static char uio_addr_buf[16]={0}; static char uio_size_buf[16]={0}; int main(void) { int uio_fd,addr_fd,size_fd; int uio_size; void *uio_addr, *access_address; int n=0; uio_fd = open(UIO_DEV,O_RDWR); addr_fd = open(UIO_ADDR,O_RDONLY); size_fd = open(UIO_SIZE,O_RDONLY); if(addr_fd < 0 || size_fd < 0 || uio_fd < 0){ fprintf(stderr,"mmap:%s ",strerror(errno)); exit(-1); } n=read(addr_fd,uio_addr_buf,sizeof(uio_addr_buf)); if(n<0){ fprintf(stderr, "%s ", strerror(errno)); exit(-1); } n=read(size_fd,uio_size_buf,sizeof(uio_size_buf)); if(n<0){ fprintf(stderr, "%s ", strerror(errno)); exit(-1); } uio_addr = (void*)strtoul(uio_addr_buf,NULL,0); uio_size = (int)strtol(uio_size_buf,NULL,0); access_address = mmap(NULL,uio_size,PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,uio_fd,0); if(access_address == (void*)-1){ fprintf(stderr,"mmap:%s ",strerror(errno)); exit(-1); } printf("The device address %p (lenth %d) " "can be accessed over " "logical address %p ",uio_addr,uio_size,access_address); /* access_address = (void*)(long)mremap(access_address, getpagesize(),uio_size + getpagesize()+ 11111, MAP_SHARED); if(access_address == (void*)-1){ fprintf(stderr,"mremap: %s ",strerror(errno)); exit(-1); } printf(">>>AFTER REMAP:""logical address %p ",access_address); */ return 0; }
代码很简单,就是讲刚才那几个文件读出来,并且重新mmap出来,最后将其打印出来。由此我们可以简单的看到,想要操作uio设备,只需要重新mmap,而后我们便可操作一般的内存一样操作设备内存,那么dpdk的实现也是类似的,只不过更加复杂一点。
dpdk的uio实现的内核的代码主要在igb_uio.c中,整理一下主要的代码:
static struct pci_driver igbuio_pci_driver = { .name = "igb_uio", .id_table = NULL, .probe = igbuio_pci_probe, .remove = igbuio_pci_remove, }; module_init(igbuio_pci_init_module); static int __init igbuio_pci_init_module(void) { int ret; ret = igbuio_config_intr_mode(intr_mode); if (ret < 0) return ret; return pci_register_driver(&igbuio_pci_driver); } #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(3,8,0) static int __devinit #else static int #endif igbuio_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *dev, const struct pci_device_id *id) { struct rte_uio_pci_dev *udev; udev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct rte_uio_pci_dev), GFP_KERNEL); if (!udev) return -ENOMEM; /* * enable device: ask low-level code to enable I/O and * memory */ if (pci_enable_device(dev)) { printk(KERN_ERR "Cannot enable PCI device "); goto fail_free; } /* * reserve device's PCI memory regions for use by this * module */ if (pci_request_regions(dev, "igb_uio")) { printk(KERN_ERR "Cannot request regions "); goto fail_disable; } /* enable bus mastering on the device */ pci_set_master(dev); /* remap IO memory */ if (igbuio_setup_bars(dev, &udev->info)) goto fail_release_iomem; /* set 64-bit DMA mask */ if (pci_set_dma_mask(dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(64))) { printk(KERN_ERR "Cannot set DMA mask "); goto fail_release_iomem; } else if (pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(64))) { printk(KERN_ERR "Cannot set consistent DMA mask "); goto fail_release_iomem; } /* fill uio infos */ udev->info.name = "Intel IGB UIO"; udev->info.version = "0.1"; udev->info.handler = igbuio_pci_irqhandler; udev->info.irqcontrol = igbuio_pci_irqcontrol; #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_DOM0 /* check if the driver run on Xen Dom0 */ if (xen_initial_domain()) udev->info.mmap = igbuio_dom0_pci_mmap; #endif udev->info.priv = udev; udev->pdev = dev; udev->mode = RTE_INTR_MODE_LEGACY; spin_lock_init(&udev->lock); /* check if it need to try msix first */ if (igbuio_intr_mode_preferred == RTE_INTR_MODE_MSIX) { int vector; for (vector = 0; vector < IGBUIO_NUM_MSI_VECTORS; vector ++) udev->msix_entries[vector].entry = vector; if (pci_enable_msix(udev->pdev, udev->msix_entries, IGBUIO_NUM_MSI_VECTORS) == 0) { udev->mode = RTE_INTR_MODE_MSIX; } else { pci_disable_msix(udev->pdev); printk(KERN_INFO "fail to enable pci msix, or not enough msix entries "); } } switch (udev->mode) { case RTE_INTR_MODE_MSIX: udev->info.irq_flags = 0; udev->info.irq = udev->msix_entries[0].vector; break; case RTE_INTR_MODE_MSI: break; case RTE_INTR_MODE_LEGACY: udev->info.irq_flags = IRQF_SHARED; udev->info.irq = dev->irq; break; default: break; } pci_set_drvdata(dev, udev); igbuio_pci_irqcontrol(&udev->info, 0); if (sysfs_create_group(&dev->dev.kobj, &dev_attr_grp)) goto fail_release_iomem; /* register uio driver */ if (uio_register_device(&dev->dev, &udev->info)) goto fail_release_iomem; printk(KERN_INFO "uio device registered with irq %lx ", udev->info.irq); return 0; fail_release_iomem: sysfs_remove_group(&dev->dev.kobj, &dev_attr_grp); igbuio_pci_release_iomem(&udev->info); if (udev->mode == RTE_INTR_MODE_MSIX) pci_disable_msix(udev->pdev); pci_release_regions(dev); fail_disable: pci_disable_device(dev); fail_free: kfree(udev); return -ENODEV; }
代码经过整理后,对比上面简单的uio驱动实现,dpdk的uio实现也是首先初始化一个pci_driver结构体,在igbuio_pci_init_module()函数中直接调用linux提供的pci注册API,pci_register_driver(&igbuio_pci_driver),接着便跳到igbuio_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *dev, const struct pci_device_id *id)函数中,这个函数的功能就是类似于上面例子中内核态代码,rte_uio_pci_dev结构体是dpdk自己封装的,如下:
//在igb_uio自己封装的 struct rte_uio_pci_dev { struct uio_info info; struct pci_dev *pdev; spinlock_t lock; /* spinlock for accessing PCI config space or msix data in multi tasks/isr */ enum igbuio_intr_mode mode; struct msix_entry msix_entries[IGBUIO_NUM_MSI_VECTORS]; /* pointer to the msix vectors to be allocated later */ };
可以看到,里面有uio_info这个结构体,从igbuio_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *dev, const struct pci_device_id *id)函数代码中可以看到,主要是在填充uio_info结构体的信息,并且围绕的也是pci设备的物理地址及大小,最后调用linux提供的uio注册接口uio_register_device(&dev->dev, &udev->info),完成整个uio注册。