• HandsOn Reinforcement Learning With Python——Temporal Difference Learning


    Hands-On Reinforcement Learning With Python——Temporal Difference Learning

    作者:凯鲁嘎吉 - 博客园 http://www.cnblogs.com/kailugaji/

    更多请看:Reinforcement Learning - 随笔分类 - 凯鲁嘎吉 - 博客园 https://www.cnblogs.com/kailugaji/category/2038931.html

    $\epsilon $-贪心策略:

    1. SARSA

    1.1 算法流程

    1.2 Python程序

    # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
    # Solving the Taxi Problem using SARSA
    # From: https://github.com/AndyYue1893/Hands-On-Reinforcement-Learning-With-Python
    # https://www.cnblogs.com/kailugaji/ - 凯鲁嘎吉 - 博客园
    '''
    出租车调度
    这里有 4 个地点,分别用 4 个字母表示,任务是要从一个地点接上乘客,送到另外 3 个中的一个放下乘客,越快越好。
    颜色:蓝色:乘客,红色:乘客的目的地,黄色:空出租车,绿色:出租车满座,其中 “:” 栅栏可以穿越,"|" 栅栏不能穿越
    Reward:  成功运送一个客人获得 20 分奖励
             每走一步损失 1 分(希望尽快送到目的地)
             没有把客人放到指定的位置,损失 10 分
    Action: 0:向南移动,1:向北移动,2:向东移动,3:向西移动,4:乘客上车,5:乘客下车
    State:  500维,(出租车行、出租车列、乘客位置、目的地)
    '''
    import random
    import gym
    from time import sleep
    
    env = gym.make('Taxi-v3') #创建出租车游戏环境
    env.render() # 用于渲染出当前的智能体以及环境的状态
    
    # 将Q表初始化为一个字典,它存储指定在状态s中执行动作a的值的状态-动作对。
    Q = {}
    for s in range(env.observation_space.n):
        for a in range(env.action_space.n):
            Q[(s,a)] = 0.0
    
    # epsilon贪心策略函数
    def epsilon_greedy(state, epsilon):
        if random.uniform(0,1) < epsilon:
            return env.action_space.sample() # 随机,用epsilon概率探索新动作
        else:
            return max(list(range(env.action_space.n)), key = lambda x: Q[(state,x)]) # 用1-epsilon的概率选择Q表最佳动作
    
    # 初始化变量
    alpha = 0.4 # TD学习率
    gamma = 0.999 # 折扣率
    epsilon = 0.017 # 贪心策略中epsilon的值
    num_episodes = 1000 # 玩几局游戏
    
    # 执行SARSA
    for episode in range(num_episodes): # 玩几局游戏
        steps, r = 0, 0  # 每局走多少步,总体奖励
        state = env.reset() # 用于重置环境
        # select the action using epsilon-greedy policy
        action = epsilon_greedy(state, epsilon)
        while True:
            steps += 1 # 每局走多少步
            env.render() # 用于渲染出当前的智能体以及环境的状态
            # then we perform the action and move to the next state, and receive the reward
            nextstate, reward, done, _ = env.step(action)
            # again, we select the next action using epsilon greedy policy
            nextaction = epsilon_greedy(nextstate, epsilon)
            # we calculate the Q value of previous state using our update rule
            Q[(state, action)] += alpha * (reward + gamma * Q[(nextstate, nextaction)] - Q[(state, action)])
            # Q(s, a) <- Q(s, a) + alpha (r + gamma Q(s', a') - Q(s, a))
            # finally we update our state and action with next action and next state
            action = nextaction # a <- a'
            state = nextstate # s <- s'
            # store the rewards
            r += reward # reward: 即时奖励, r: total reward
            # we will break the loop, if we are at the terminal state of the episode
            if done:
                break
        print(f"Episode: {episode + 1}")  # 玩几局游戏
        print(f"Epochs: {steps}")  # 每局走多少步
        print(f"State: {state}")
        print(f"Action: {action}")
        print(f"Reward: {reward}")
        print("Total Reward: ", r)
        # sleep(0.01) # 为了让显示变慢,否则画面会非常快
    env.close()
    

    1.3 结果

    2. Q-Learning

    2.1 算法流程

    2.2 Python程序

    # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
    # Solving the Taxi Problem using Q Learning
    # From: https://github.com/AndyYue1893/Hands-On-Reinforcement-Learning-With-Python
    # https://www.cnblogs.com/kailugaji/ - 凯鲁嘎吉 - 博客园
    '''
    出租车调度
    这里有 4 个地点,分别用 4 个字母表示,任务是要从一个地点接上乘客,送到另外 3 个中的一个放下乘客,越快越好。
    颜色:蓝色:乘客,红色:乘客的目的地,黄色:空出租车,绿色:出租车满座,其中 “:” 栅栏可以穿越,"|" 栅栏不能穿越
    Reward:  成功运送一个客人获得 20 分奖励
             每走一步损失 1 分(希望尽快送到目的地)
             没有把客人放到指定的位置,损失 10 分
    Action: 0:向南移动,1:向北移动,2:向东移动,3:向西移动,4:乘客上车,5:乘客下车
    State:  500维,(出租车行、出租车列、乘客位置、目的地)
    '''
    import random
    import gym
    from time import sleep
    
    env = gym.make('Taxi-v3') #创建出租车游戏环境
    env.render() # 用于渲染出当前的智能体以及环境的状态
    
    # 将Q表初始化为一个字典,它存储指定在状态s中执行动作a的值的状态-动作对。
    q = {}
    for s in range(env.observation_space.n):
        for a in range(env.action_space.n):
            q[(s,a)] = 0.0
    
    # 定义一个名为update_q_table的函数,根据q学习更新规则更新q值
    def update_q_table(prev_state, action, reward, nextstate, alpha, gamma):
        qa = max([q[(nextstate, a)] for a in range(env.action_space.n)]) # 取一个状态-动作对的最大值,并将其存储在一个名为qa的变量中
        # max Q(s', a')
        q[(prev_state, action)] += alpha * (reward + gamma * qa - q[(prev_state, action)]) # 用更新规则更新前一个状态的Q值
        # Q(s, a) <- Q(s, a) + alpha (r + gamma max Q(s', a') - Q(s, a))
    
    # epsilon贪心策略函数
    def epsilon_greedy_policy(state, epsilon):
        if random.uniform(0,1) < epsilon:
            return env.action_space.sample() # 随机,用epsilon概率探索新动作
        else:
            return max(list(range(env.action_space.n)), key = lambda x: q[(state,x)]) # 用1-epsilon的概率选择Q表最佳动作
    
    # 初始化变量
    alpha = 0.4  # TD学习率
    gamma = 0.999 # 折扣率
    epsilon = 0.017 # 贪心策略中epsilon的值
    num_episodes = 1000 # 玩几局游戏
    
    # 执行Q-Learning
    for episode in range(num_episodes): # 玩几局游戏
        steps, r = 0, 0 # 每局走多少步,总体奖励
        prev_state = env.reset() # 用于重置环境
        while True:
            steps += 1 # 每局走多少步
            env.render() # 用于渲染出当前的智能体以及环境的状态
            # In each state, we select the action by epsilon-greedy policy
            action = epsilon_greedy_policy(prev_state, epsilon)
            # then we perform the action and move to the next state, and receive the reward
            nextstate, reward, done, _ = env.step(action)
            # Next we update the Q value using our update_q_table function
            # which updates the Q value by Q learning update rule
            update_q_table(prev_state, action, reward, nextstate, alpha, gamma)
            # Finally we update the previous state as next state
            prev_state = nextstate # s <- s'
            # Store all the rewards obtained
            r += reward # reward: 即时奖励, r: total reward
            # we will break the loop, if we are at the terminal state of the episode
            if done:
                break
        print(f"Episode: {episode + 1}") # 玩几局游戏
        print(f"Epochs: {steps}") # 每局走多少步
        print(f"State: {prev_state}")
        print(f"Action: {action}")
        print(f"Reward: {reward}")
        print("Total Reward: ", r)
        # sleep(0.01) # 为了让显示变慢,否则画面会非常快
    env.close()
    

    2.3 结果

    3. 参考文献

    [1] https://github.com/sudharsan13296/Hands-On-Reinforcement-Learning-With-Python

    [2] 邱锡鹏,神经网络与深度学习,机械工业出版社,https://nndl.github.io/, 2020. 

    作者:凯鲁嘎吉
    本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须在文章页面给出原文链接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kailugaji/p/15783258.html
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