实验环境:Oracle RAC 11.2.0.4 (2节点)
之前其实也写过一篇相关文章:
但上文给出的例子过于简单,实际对于生产中复杂的阻塞问题,一步步找最终阻塞就比较麻烦。所以本篇旨在寻求更好更快捷的办法。
1.模拟故障:会话被级联阻塞
**准备工作:**我这里在每个实例开两个会话来模拟RAC在负载均衡模式下的业务会话: 实例1:会话1,会话2; 实例2:会话3,会话4; 在 时间点1 -> 时间点2 -> 时间点3 -> 时间点4 的这个时间轴上分别执行以下操作:时间点1:
在实例1的会话1(INS1-session1)执行语句未提交或回滚:
select * from v$mystat where rownum = 1;
update emp set sal = 8000 where empno = 7788;
时间点2:
在实例2的会话3(INS2-session3)执行语句:
select * from v$mystat where rownum = 1;
delete from emp where empno = 7839;
update emp set job = 'MANAGER' where empno = 7788;
rollback;
时间点3:
在实例2的会话4(INS2-session4)执行语句:
select * from v$mystat where rownum = 1;
update emp set sal = 15000 where empno = 7839;
rollback;
时间点4:
在实例1的会话2(INS1-session2)执行语句:
select * from v$mystat where rownum = 1;
update emp set job = 'CEO' where empno = 7839;
rollback;
此时可以看到,在后面3个时间点进行操作的会话均hang住,显然都是被阻塞了。4个会话的现象如下:
那么他们究竟都是被谁阻塞了呢?下文会详细分析。
2.常规方法:梳理找出最终阻塞会话
我们常规会去GV$SESSION查询blocking_session,再看这个blocking_session有没有又被其他会话阻塞,直到找到根源。--blocking
set lines 180
col program for a30
col machine for a20
select inst_id,
SID,
SERIAL#,
event,
machine,
sql_id,
blocking_session,
blocking_instance
from gv$session
where blocking_session is not null;
结果如下:
SYS@jyzhao1 >--blocking
SYS@jyzhao1 >set lines 180
SYS@jyzhao1 >col program for a30
SYS@jyzhao1 >col machine for a20
SYS@jyzhao1 >select inst_id,
2 SID,
3 SERIAL#,
4 event,
5 machine,
6 sql_id,
7 blocking_session,
8 blocking_instance
9 from gv$session
10 where blocking_session is not null;
INST_ID SID SERIAL# EVENT MACHINE SQL_ID BLOCKING_SESSION BLOCKING_INSTANCE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------- ---------------- -----------------
1 146 6283 enq: TX - row lock contention jyrac1 052gy77vp276s 25 2
2 25 10250 enq: TX - row lock contention jyrac2 3t2npbvdcf2d2 150 1
2 145 32069 enq: TX - row lock contention jyrac2 0ct116qw46shq 25 2
SYS@jyzhao1 >
可以看到实例1的sid=146的会话以及实例2的sid=145的会话都被实例2的sid=25的会话阻塞,而实例2的sid=25的这个会话又被实例1的sid=150的会话阻塞。这个例子只模拟了几个会话尚且可以快速定位,但如果是真实故障,很可能受影响的不止这么几个会话,虽然也可以慢慢最终找出来,但毕竟会看的眼花缭乱是不是。我们高傲的DBA又怎么会甘心一直去做这种事情呢?
3.改进方法:立即找出最终阻塞会话
之前我在单实例或者确认业务只跑在某一个节点的环境,一直在用的一个找出最终阻塞会话的脚本:--cascade blocking
set lines 200 pages 100
col tree for a30
col event for a40
select *
from (select a.sid, a.serial#,
a.sql_id,
a.event,
a.status,
connect_by_isleaf as isleaf,
sys_connect_by_path(SID, '<-') tree,
level as tree_level
from v$session a
start with a.blocking_session is not null
connect by nocycle a.sid = prior a.blocking_session)
where isleaf = 1
order by tree_level asc;
这个脚本用到了start with connect by prior 的递归查询用法,非常方便可以直接找出最终阻塞的会话;可如果是RAC,业务是负载均衡跑在多个节点的,那上面的这个脚本就不好用了,比如我上面构造的这个例子,就需要明确查出各个会话分别在哪个实例上,否则你怎么确认去哪里杀呢,怎么办呢?其实也简单,只需要稍加改动下这个脚本即可,改后如下:
--cascade blocking@gv$session
select *
from (select a.inst_id, a.sid, a.serial#,
a.sql_id,
a.event,
a.status,
connect_by_isleaf as isleaf,
sys_connect_by_path(a.SID||'@'||a.inst_id, ' <- ') tree,
level as tree_level
from gv$session a
start with a.blocking_session is not null
connect by (a.sid||'@'||a.inst_id) = prior (a.blocking_session||'@'||a.blocking_instance))
where isleaf = 1
order by tree_level asc;
结果如下:
SYS@jyzhao1 >--cascade blocking@gv$session
SYS@jyzhao1 >select *
2 from (select a.inst_id, a.sid, a.serial#,
3 a.sql_id,
4 a.event,
5 a.status,
6 connect_by_isleaf as isleaf,
7 sys_connect_by_path(a.SID||'@'||a.inst_id, ' <- ') tree,
8 level as tree_level
9 from gv$session a
10 start with a.blocking_session is not null
11 connect by (a.sid||'@'||a.inst_id) = prior (a.blocking_session||'@'||a.blocking_instance))
12 where isleaf = 1
13 order by tree_level asc;
INST_ID SID SERIAL# SQL_ID EVENT STATUS ISLEAF TREE TREE_LEVEL
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 150 8742 SQL*Net message from client INACTIVE 1 <- 25@2 <- 150@1 2
1 150 8742 SQL*Net message from client INACTIVE 1 <- 145@2 <- 25@2 <- 150@1 3
1 150 8742 SQL*Net message from client INACTIVE 1 <- 146@1 <- 25@2 <- 150@1 3
SYS@jyzhao1 >
非常清晰可以看到最终阻塞其他会话的会话是实例1的sid=150,serial#=8742的会话。
那么与相关人员都确认后,就可以直接杀掉这个最终阻塞会话:
SYS@jyzhao1 >alter system kill session '150,8742' immediate;
System altered.
再次查询,恢复正常,不再有堵塞了:
SYS@jyzhao1 >--cascade blocking@gv$session
SYS@jyzhao1 >select *
2 from (select a.inst_id, a.sid, a.serial#,
3 a.sql_id,
4 a.event,
5 a.status,
6 connect_by_isleaf as isleaf,
7 sys_connect_by_path(a.SID||'@'||a.inst_id, ' <- ') tree,
8 level as tree_level
9 from gv$session a
10 start with a.blocking_session is not null
11 connect by (a.sid||'@'||a.inst_id) = prior (a.blocking_session||'@'||a.blocking_instance))
12 where isleaf = 1
13 order by tree_level asc;
no rows selected
SYS@jyzhao1 >
至此,就达到了我们在RAC环境中快速定位并杀掉这种最终阻塞会话的目的。