实验环境：
服务端：OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5 RAC
客户端：Windows 7 + Oracle 11.2.0.1 Client
1.客户端登陆间断遭遇ORA-12545，现象如下：
C:Usersxiaoyu>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.1.171/jy.oracle.com SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期二 5月 20 19:43:52 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-12545: 因目标主机或对象不存在, 连接失败 请输入用户名: C:Usersxiaoyu>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.1.171/jy.oracle.com SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期二 5月 20 19:44:03 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. 连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> exit 从 Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 断开 C:Usersxiaoyu>sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.1.171/jy.oracle.com SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期二 5月 20 19:44:06 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-12545: 因目标主机或对象不存在, 连接失败 请输入用户名:
2.检查相关配置信息：
2.1.检查网络：
ping 192.168.1.171 -t
网络没有丢包（实验过程遇到的网络是有丢包的是路由问题，已经事先将网络问题解决，但还报错）
tnsping 192.168.1.171 1000
也很顺畅
2.2.检查RAC节点1主机的/etc/hosts内容：
[oracle@rac1-server ~]$ more /etc/hosts # Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168.1.171 rac1-server 192.168.1.172 rac1-server-vip 192.168.1.173 rac2-server 192.168.1.174 rac2-server-vip 10.10.10.171 rac1-server-priv 10.10.10.173 rac2-server-priv [oracle@rac1-server ~]$
2.3.检查确认RAC节点1数据库的各种名字
[oracle@rac1-server admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue May 20 08:19:43 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string jy db_unique_name string jy global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string jy1 lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string service_names string jy.oracle.com SQL>
2.4.检查RAC节点1主机的监听配置文件：
[oracle@rac1-server ~]$ cd /s01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin [oracle@rac1-server admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst tnsnames.ora [oracle@rac1-server admin]$ more listener.ora # listener.ora.rac1-server Network Configuration File: /s01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora.rac1-server # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER_RAC1-SERVER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-server-vip)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST)) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.171)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST)) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) ) ) [oracle@rac1-server admin]$
2.5.检查RAC节点1的监听状态：
[oracle@rac1-server admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 20-MAY-2014 07:58:46 Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_RAC1-SERVER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date 20-MAY-2014 07:06:32 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 52 min. 14 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /s01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /s01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener_rac1-server.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.172)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.171)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC))) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "+ASM_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "jy.oracle.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "jy1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "jyXDB.oracle.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "jy1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "jy_XPT.oracle.com" has 2 instance(s). Instance "jy1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@rac1-server admin]$
3.解决思路：
3.1查看ora-12545错误号
[oracle@rac1-server admin]$ oerr ora 12545 12545, 00000, "Connect failed because target host or object does not exist" // *Cause: The address specified is not valid, or the program being // connected to does not exist. // *Action: Ensure the ADDRESS parameters have been entered correctly; the // most likely incorrect parameter is the node name. Ensure that the // executable for the server exists (perhaps "oracle" is missing.) // If the protocol is TCP/IP, edit the TNSNAMES.ORA file to change the // host name to a numeric IP address and try again. [oracle@rac1-server admin]$
3.2检查Windows客户机的hosts配置
添加RAC集群环境对外的public地址和网络名的对应关系：
# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost # ::1 localhost #127.0.0.1 webiq-cdn.appspot.com 192.168.1.171 rac1-server 192.168.1.172 rac1-server-vip 192.168.1.173 rac2-server 192.168.1.174 rac2-server-vip
添加成功后测试客户端连接不会再遭遇ORA-12545。
4.延伸：
针对RAC环境，客户端tnsnames.ora配置参考：
路径：F:appxiaoyuproduct11.2.0client_1
etworkadmin nsnames.ora
JY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.172)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.174)(PORT = 1521)) (LOAD_BALANCE = yes) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = jy.oracle.com) (FAILOVER_MODE = (TYPE = session) (METHOD = basic) (RETRIES = 180) (DELAY = 5) ) ) )
5.总结：
客户端连接RAC环境，客户端建议配置hosts文件。否则可能遭遇ORA-12545。