环境：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC + ADG
起初发现自己的ADG测试环境不再同步，进一步分析是DATA磁盘组空间耗尽导致的，可是最近在磁盘组上的数据库都没有做过什么测试，且测试磁盘组一直都留有2G+剩余空间，那是什么导致突然没空间了呢？
经过查询dba_data_files发现数据文件的确没有什么增长，但查询dba_temp_files发现临时文件空间增长严重。
sys@DEMO> set lines 180
sys@DEMO> select file_id, file_name, tablespace_name, bytes/1048576 "MB" from dba_temp_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME MB
---------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 +DATA/demo/tempfile/temp.264.1018829761 TEMP 2701
2 +DATA/demo/tempfile/temp_jingyu.258.1018830415 TEMP_JINGYU 30
sys@DEMO>
或者直接从asmcmd中也可以清楚看到TEMP文件占用大量空间：
ASMCMD> pwd
+data/demo/tempfile
ASMCMD> ls -ls
Type Redund Striped Time Sys Block_Size Blocks Bytes Space Name
TEMPFILE UNPROT COARSE NOV 16 09:00:00 Y 8192 345729 2832211968 2834300928 TEMP.264.1018829761
TEMPFILE UNPROT COARSE NOV 04 10:00:00 Y 8192 3841 31465472 32505856 TEMP_JINGYU.258.1018830415
ASMCMD> du
Used_MB Mirror_used_MB
2734 2734
基本已经确认了就是temp文件占用了空间，导致DATA磁盘组空间耗尽，那么是谁使用了临时表空间呢？根据DG不同步的时间点初步定位是在11-16号这天，我们可以直接根据DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY中的TEMP_SPACE_ALLOCATED字段进一步定位：
DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY
TEMP_SPACE_ALLOCATED
Amount of TEMP memory (in bytes) consumed by this session at the time this sample was taken
select instance_number, to_char(sample_time,'mm-dd hh24:mi'), sum(TEMP_SPACE_ALLOCATED) from dba_hist_active_sess_history where sample_time > to_date('11-16 00:00','mm-dd hh24:mi') and sample_time < to_date('11-17 00:00','mm-dd hh24:mi') group by instance_number, to_char(sample_time,'mm-dd hh24:mi')
order by 1, 2;
省略部分输出..
2 11-16 08:43
2 11-16 08:44
2 11-16 08:50 574619648
2 11-16 08:51 1743781888
2 11-16 08:52 3379560448
2 11-16 08:53 5015339008
2 11-16 08:54 6727663616
2 11-16 08:55 8554283008
2 11-16 08:56 1.0105E+10
2 11-16 08:57 1.1897E+10
2 11-16 08:58 1.3597E+10
2 11-16 08:59 1.4906E+10
2 11-16 09:00 2787115008
2 11-16 09:02
2 11-16 09:04
进一步细化时间，秒级别（注意DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY默认采样数据间隔为10s）
select instance_number, to_char(sample_time,'mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'), sum(TEMP_SPACE_ALLOCATED) from dba_hist_active_sess_history where sample_time > to_date('11-16 08:43','mm-dd hh24:mi') and sample_time < to_date('11-16 09:02','mm-dd hh24:mi') group by instance_number, to_char(sample_time,'mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
order by 1, 2;
INSTANCE_NUMBER TO_CHAR(SAMPLE SUM(TEMP_SPACE_ALLOCATED)
--------------- -------------- -------------------------
省略部分输出..
2 11-16 08:44:29
2 11-16 08:50:29 35651584
2 11-16 08:50:39 134217728
2 11-16 08:50:49 182452224
2 11-16 08:50:59 222298112
2 11-16 08:51:10 266338304
2 11-16 08:51:20 318767104
2 11-16 08:51:30 359661568
2 11-16 08:51:40 386924544
2 11-16 08:51:50 412090368
2 11-16 08:52:00 445644800
2 11-16 08:52:11 492830720
2 11-16 08:52:21 545259520
2 11-16 08:52:31 591396864
2 11-16 08:52:41 628097024
2 11-16 08:52:51 676331520
2 11-16 08:53:01 723517440
2 11-16 08:53:11 771751936
2 11-16 08:53:21 819986432
2 11-16 08:53:31 866123776
2 11-16 08:53:41 897581056
2 11-16 08:53:51 936378368
2 11-16 08:54:01 991952896
2 11-16 08:54:11 1048576000
2 11-16 08:54:21 1099956224
2 11-16 08:54:31 1145044992
2 11-16 08:54:41 1194328064
2 11-16 08:54:51 1247805440
2 11-16 08:55:01 1301282816
2 11-16 08:55:12 1354760192
2 11-16 08:55:22 1401946112
2 11-16 08:55:32 1449132032
2 11-16 08:55:42 1502609408
2 11-16 08:55:52 1544552448
2 11-16 08:56:02 1572864000
2 11-16 08:56:12 1611661312
2 11-16 08:56:22 1657798656
2 11-16 08:56:32 1704984576
2 11-16 08:56:42 1754267648
2 11-16 08:56:52 1803550720
2 11-16 08:57:02 1853882368
2 11-16 08:57:12 1906311168
2 11-16 08:57:22 1957691392
2 11-16 08:57:32 2012217344
2 11-16 08:57:42 2058354688
2 11-16 08:57:52 2108686336
2 11-16 08:58:02 2153775104
2 11-16 08:58:12 2203058176
2 11-16 08:58:23 2253389824
2 11-16 08:58:33 2298478592
2 11-16 08:58:43 2332033024
2 11-16 08:58:53 2356150272
2 11-16 08:59:03 2383413248
2 11-16 08:59:13 2403336192
2 11-16 08:59:24 2443182080
2 11-16 08:59:34 2487222272
2 11-16 08:59:44 2550136832
2 11-16 08:59:54 2638217216
2 11-16 09:00:04 2786066432
2 11-16 09:00:14 1048576
2 11-16 09:00:24
81 rows selected.
实例2从11-16 08:50:29 开始，到 09:00:04 结束，temp增长到2G+（2786066432），那么具体是哪些SQL消耗的呢？
上面的查询可以直接加入sql_id字段定位，发现都是同一个SQL导致的：
select instance_number, to_char(sample_time,'mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'), sql_id, sum(TEMP_SPACE_ALLOCATED) from dba_hist_active_sess_history where sample_time > to_date('11-16 08:43','mm-dd hh24:mi') and sample_time < to_date('11-16 09:02','mm-dd hh24:mi') group by instance_number, to_char(sample_time,'mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'), sql_id
order by 1, 2;
2 11-16 08:59:24 auyf8px9ywc6j 2443182080
2 11-16 08:59:34 auyf8px9ywc6j 2487222272
2 11-16 08:59:44 auyf8px9ywc6j 2550136832
2 11-16 08:59:54 auyf8px9ywc6j 2638217216
2 11-16 09:00:04 auyf8px9ywc6j 2786066432
SQL_ID auyf8px9ywc6j 对应的文本为：
select sql_text from dba_hist_sqltext where sql_id = 'auyf8px9ywc6j';
SQL_TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WITH SNAP_RANGES AS (SELECT /*+ FULL(ST) */ SN.DBID ,SN.INSTANCE_NUMBER ,SN.STAR
TUP_TIME ,ST.STAT_ID ,ST.STAT_NAME ,MIN(SN.SNAP_ID) AS MIN_SNAP ,MAX(SN.SNAP_ID)
AS MAX_SNAP ,MIN(CAST(BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME AS DATE)) AS MIN_DATE ,MAX(CAST(END_I
NTERVAL_TIME AS DATE)) AS MAX_DATE FROM DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT SN ,WRH$_STAT_NAME ST
WHERE SN.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME > TRUNC(SYSDATE) - 7 AND SN.END_INTERVAL_TIME < TRU
NC(SYSDATE) AND SN.DBID = ST.DBID AND ST.STAT_NAME IN ('DB time', 'DB CPU') GROU
P BY SN.DBID,SN.INSTANCE_NUMBER,SN.STARTUP_TIME,ST.STAT_ID,ST.STAT_NAME ) ,DELTA
_DATA AS (SELECT SR.DBID ,SR.INSTANCE_NUMBER ,SR.STAT_NAME ,CASE WHEN SR.STARTUP
_TIME BETWEEN SR.MIN_DATE AND SR.MAX_DATE THEN TM1.VALUE + (TM2.VALUE - TM1.VALU
E) ELSE (TM2.VALUE - TM1.VALUE) END AS DELTA_TIME FROM WRH$_SYS_TIME_MODEL TM1 ,
WRH$_SYS_TIME_MODEL TM2 ,SNAP_RANGES SR WHERE TM1.DBID = SR.DBID AND TM1.INSTANC
E_NUMBER = SR.INSTANCE_NUMBER AND TM1.SNAP_ID = SR.MIN_SNAP AND TM1.STAT_ID = SR
.STAT_ID AND TM2.DBID = SR.DBID AND TM2.INSTANCE_NUMBER = SR.INSTANCE_NUMBER AND
TM2.SNAP_ID = SR.MAX_SNAP AND TM2.STAT_ID = SR.STAT_ID ) SELECT STAT_NAME ,ROUN
D(SUM(DELTA_TIME/1000000),2) AS SECS FROM DELTA_DATA GROUP BY STAT_NAME
SQL执行计划为：
set lines 1000 pages 1000
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_awr('auyf8px9ywc6j'));
Plan hash value: 295135324
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | Pstart| Pstop |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 13 (100)| | | |
| 1 | HASH GROUP BY | | 1 | 87 | 13 (8)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 2 | VIEW | VM_NWVW_1 | 1 | 87 | 13 (8)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 3 | FILTER | | | | | | | |
| 4 | HASH GROUP BY | | 1 | 247 | 13 (8)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 5 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 247 | 12 (0)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 6 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 204 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 7 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 204 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 8 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 127 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | WRM$_SNAPSHOT | 1 | 50 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | | |
| 10 | PARTITION RANGE ITERATOR | | 1 | 77 | 0 (0)| | KEY | KEY |
| 11 | TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID| WRH$_SYS_TIME_MODEL | 1 | 77 | 0 (0)| | KEY | KEY |
| 12 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | WRH$_SYS_TIME_MODEL_PK | 1 | | 0 (0)| | KEY | KEY |
| 13 | PARTITION RANGE ITERATOR | | 1 | | 0 (0)| | KEY | KEY |
| 14 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | WRH$_SYS_TIME_MODEL_PK | 1 | | 0 (0)| | KEY | KEY |
| 15 | TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID | WRH$_SYS_TIME_MODEL | 1 | 77 | 0 (0)| | 1 | 1 |
| 16 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | WRH$_STAT_NAME | 2 | 86 | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45 rows selected.
如果进一步获取SQL的awr报告还可以看到SQL执行的统计信息：
Stat Name Statement Total Per Execution % Snap Total
Elapsed Time (ms) 582,925 582,924.68 1.84
CPU Time (ms) 64,811 64,811.15 5.89
Executions 1
Buffer Gets 2,472,595 2,472,595.00 8.88
Disk Reads 1 1.00 0.00
Parse Calls 1 1.00 0.00
Rows 0 0.00
User I/O Wait Time (ms) 65,348
Cluster Wait Time (ms) 17
Application Wait Time (ms) 0
Concurrency Wait Time (ms) 1
Invalidations 0
Version Count 1
Sharable Mem(KB) 64
查到这里其实已经确认这个事情并不是人为，因为如果拿这个SQL_ID去网络搜索，会发现有人提到过这个SQL_ID,说这是由MMON发起的SQL
It looks like something made by a DBA, but it comes from the MMON.
因为只是临时文件，且目前没有被持续使用到，又是测试环境，可以直接按照测试需求resize为较小值，然后为避免这样的事情，再关闭其自动扩展的功能：
sys@DEMO> alter database tempfile 1 resize 500M;
sys@DEMO> alter database tempfile 1 autoextend off;
修改完再次查询：
sys@DEMO> select file_id, file_name, tablespace_name, bytes/1048576 "MB" from dba_temp_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME MB
---------- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 +DATA/demo/tempfile/temp.264.1018829761 TEMP 500
2 +DATA/demo/tempfile/temp_jingyu.258.1018830415 TEMP_JINGYU 30
DG备库启动应用，观察确认恢复正常同步：
sys@ORCL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
Media recovery complete.
sys@ORCL> select * from v$dataguard_stats;
NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED DATUM_TIME
-------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
transport lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 11/18/2019 23:10:55 11/18/2019 23:10:54
apply lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 11/18/2019 23:10:55 11/18/2019 23:10:54
apply finish time +00 00:00:00.000 day(2) to second(3) interval 11/18/2019 23:10:55
estimated startup time 24 second 11/18/2019 23:10:55
一般确认时间正确，各指标的value都为0即可。若不放心可以再手工去主库切换几次日志，看下备库的同步表现。