一、代码实例
我们在第八章可以看到,spring的context在初始化的时候,会默认调用系统中的各种约定好的bean,其中第一个bean就是id为messageSource的bean,我们了解这应该是一个读取properties的,并支持国际化的bean
1、首先我们定义这个bean,spring中默认提供了一些类,查了下主要是ResourceBundleMessageSource和ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource,我们这里采用ResourceBundleMessageSource
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basenames"> <list> <value>messages</value> </list> </property> </bean>
2、定义两个messages文件,分别是messages_zh_CN.properties、messages_en.properties和messages.properties,中文环境的配置文件,英文环境和全局配置,内容分别为
info={0}去上学 //messages_zh_CN.properties info={0} go to school //messages_en.properties
info={0} hehe //messages.properties
3、测试
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); String info1=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"张三"}, Locale.getDefault()); String info2=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"张三"}, Locale.ENGLISH); String info3=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"张三"}, Locale.JAPAN); System.out.println("info1="+info1); System.out.println("info2="+info2); System.out.println("info3="+info3); } }
4、测试结果
info1=张三去上学 info2=张三 go to school info3=张三去上学
可以看到,我们定义了中文和英文环境顺利的找到了对应的文件,可是日文环境没有定义,也没有找到默认的环境,而是使用了系统环境,也就是中文环境
二、代码分析
1、先回到上一章的第5部分,context的解析中,将messageSource放到context中
protected void initMessageSource() { ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory(); //查找是否包含了名为messageSource的bean,如果没有,创建一个默认的 if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME)) { this.messageSource = beanFactory.getBean(MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME, MessageSource.class); // Make MessageSource aware of parent MessageSource. //判断是否有父类且是一个分层级的messageSource,如果是将父容器的的messageSource设置到里边 if (this.parent != null && this.messageSource instanceof HierarchicalMessageSource) { HierarchicalMessageSource hms = (HierarchicalMessageSource) this.messageSource; if (hms.getParentMessageSource() == null) { // Only set parent context as parent MessageSource if no parent MessageSource // registered already. hms.setParentMessageSource(getInternalParentMessageSource()); } } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Using MessageSource [" + this.messageSource + "]"); } } else { // Use empty MessageSource to be able to accept getMessage calls. //初始化一个空的messagesource到context中 DelegatingMessageSource dms = new DelegatingMessageSource(); dms.setParentMessageSource(getInternalParentMessageSource()); this.messageSource = dms; beanFactory.registerSingleton(MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME, this.messageSource); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Unable to locate MessageSource with name '" + MESSAGE_SOURCE_BEAN_NAME + "': using default [" + this.messageSource + "]"); } } }
2、开始通过context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"张三"}, Locale.getDefault());获得信息,其实就是调用了bean-messageSource的getMessage方法
public String getMessage(String code, Object args[], Locale locale) throws NoSuchMessageException { return getMessageSource().getMessage(code, args, locale); }
3、分为两步:在messageSource中查找和查找系统默认的
public final String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, Locale locale) throws NoSuchMessageException { //到messageSource内查找 String msg = getMessageInternal(code, args, locale); if (msg != null) { return msg; } //查找默认的Message String fallback = getDefaultMessage(code); if (fallback != null) { return fallback; } throw new NoSuchMessageException(code, locale); }
4、对整个文字的处理,我们可以看到分为有参数和无参数两种,如果无参数,直接解析为最终结果,如果有参数首先解析配置文件,得到messageFormat,然后替换参数
protected String getMessageInternal(String code, Object[] args, Locale locale) { if (code == null) { return null; } if (locale == null) { locale = Locale.getDefault(); } Object[] argsToUse = args; //是否每次都要重新创建message args是否为空 //此参数可以配置,可见如果是false且参数为空的话,可以使用缓存 if (!isAlwaysUseMessageFormat() && ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) { // Optimized resolution: no arguments to apply, // therefore no MessageFormat needs to be involved. // Note that the default implementation still uses MessageFormat; // this can be overridden in specific subclasses. String message = resolveCodeWithoutArguments(code, locale); if (message != null) { return message; } } else { // Resolve arguments eagerly, for the case where the message // is defined in a parent MessageSource but resolvable arguments // are defined in the child MessageSource. //处理参数 argsToUse = resolveArguments(args, locale); MessageFormat messageFormat = resolveCode(code, locale); if (messageFormat != null) { synchronized (messageFormat) { return messageFormat.format(argsToUse); } } } // Check locale-independent common messages for the given message code. Properties commonMessages = getCommonMessages(); if (commonMessages != null) { String commonMessage = commonMessages.getProperty(code); if (commonMessage != null) { return formatMessage(commonMessage, args, locale); } } // Not found -> check parent, if any. return getMessageFromParent(code, argsToUse, locale); }
5、对参数的处理,参数如果是MessageSourceResolvable类型,可以继续获取真实的参数,然后直接组成数组
protected Object[] resolveArguments(Object[] args, Locale locale) { if (args == null) { return new Object[0]; } List<Object> resolvedArgs = new ArrayList<Object>(args.length); //查找参数是否为MessageSourceResolvable的实例,如果是,继续获取,如果不是,直接组成数组 for (Object arg : args) { if (arg instanceof MessageSourceResolvable) { resolvedArgs.add(getMessage((MessageSourceResolvable) arg, locale)); } else { resolvedArgs.add(arg); } } return resolvedArgs.toArray(new Object[resolvedArgs.size()]); }
6、配置文件解析过程为:
a)从baseNames的set中获取数据,
b)然后依次调用java的ResourceBundle进行解析
c)从解析的结果获取对应code的值
注:此处我们可以在AbstractResourceBasedMessageSource中找到此bean的注入参数主要有以下几个:basenameSet(文件列表set)、defaultEncoding(文件默认编码)、fallbackToSystemLocale(是否使用系统默认的编码)、cacheMillis(cache时间),
protected MessageFormat resolveCode(String code, Locale locale) { Set<String> basenames = getBasenameSet(); for (String basename : basenames) { ResourceBundle bundle = getResourceBundle(basename, locale); if (bundle != null) { MessageFormat messageFormat = getMessageFormat(bundle, code, locale); if (messageFormat != null) { return messageFormat; } } } return null; }
7、调用getResourceBundle方法,生成ResourceBundle,这里有一个和预想不同的设置,如果缓存时间没有设置,默认为永久保存,如果设置了反而直接要重新获取
protected ResourceBundle getResourceBundle(String basename, Locale locale) { //判断是否设定了缓存时间,默认-1为永久保存,如果大于0,直接冲洗获取? if (getCacheMillis() >= 0) { // Fresh ResourceBundle.getBundle call in order to let ResourceBundle // do its native caching, at the expense of more extensive lookup steps. return doGetBundle(basename, locale); } else { // Cache forever: prefer locale cache over repeated getBundle calls. synchronized (this.cachedResourceBundles) { //缓存所在的cachedResourceBundles Map<Locale, ResourceBundle> localeMap = this.cachedResourceBundles.get(basename); if (localeMap != null) { ResourceBundle bundle = localeMap.get(locale); if (bundle != null) { return bundle; } } try { ResourceBundle bundle = doGetBundle(basename, locale); if (localeMap == null) { localeMap = new HashMap<Locale, ResourceBundle>(); this.cachedResourceBundles.put(basename, localeMap); } localeMap.put(locale, bundle); return bundle; } catch (MissingResourceException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("ResourceBundle [" + basename + "] not found for MessageSource: " + ex.getMessage()); } // Assume bundle not found // -> do NOT throw the exception to allow for checking parent message source. return null; } } } }
8、调用java的方法,获取ResourceBundle,需要写入自定义的MessageSourceControl
protected ResourceBundle doGetBundle(String basename, Locale locale) throws MissingResourceException { return ResourceBundle.getBundle(basename, locale, getBundleClassLoader(), new MessageSourceControl()); }
9、MessageSourceControl中判断是format是java.properties还是java.class,我们的程序是java.class,但是调用了newBundle,再次会回调回来,此时又变成了java.properties.
a)根据basename和local拼装propoties文件拼装文件名称
b)如果生成的文件名称不存在,此时或根据FallbackToSystemLocale决定是否使用系统字符集,也就是zh_CN
public Locale getFallbackLocale(String baseName, Locale locale) { return (isFallbackToSystemLocale() ? super.getFallbackLocale(baseName, locale) : null); }
b)生成流文件
c)根据默认的defaultEncoding,解析流
注:
此处可以看到,如果缓存时间大于0,使用的jdk自带缓存
10、生成MessageFormat
protected MessageFormat getMessageFormat(ResourceBundle bundle, String code, Locale locale) throws MissingResourceException { synchronized (this.cachedBundleMessageFormats) { //判断缓存中是否有MessageFormat,如果有,直接读取,没有重新获取 Map<String, Map<Locale, MessageFormat>> codeMap = this.cachedBundleMessageFormats.get(bundle); Map<Locale, MessageFormat> localeMap = null; if (codeMap != null) { localeMap = codeMap.get(code); if (localeMap != null) { MessageFormat result = localeMap.get(locale); if (result != null) { return result; } } } String msg = getStringOrNull(bundle, code); if (msg != null) { if (codeMap == null) { codeMap = new HashMap<String, Map<Locale, MessageFormat>>(); this.cachedBundleMessageFormats.put(bundle, codeMap); } if (localeMap == null) { localeMap = new HashMap<Locale, MessageFormat>(); codeMap.put(code, localeMap); } MessageFormat result = createMessageFormat(msg, locale); localeMap.put(locale, result); return result; } return null; } }
11、跳转回第四步,我们已经完成了整个返回信息的生成
三、总结
看完了源码,许多问题我们可以解决掉:
1、messageSource使用的默认配置文件通过一个baseNames的set进行注入
2、通常教程中说的中文乱码问题,spring提供了defaultEncoding设置,在解析流的时候可以按照设置的字符集进行解析
3、我们设置了日语,却采用zh_CN进行解析,是因为默认使用了fallbackToSystemLocale
4、messageSource默认使用自身的永久缓存,也可以设置,使用jdk的缓存
5、如果没有参数,会默认执行resolveCodeWithoutArguments,不需要先转化为MessageFormat
6、参数类型可以为MessageSourceResolvable类型
修改bean的配置
<bean id="messageSource"
class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basenames">
<list>
<value>messages</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
<property name="fallbackToSystemLocale" value="false" />
<property name="cacheMillis" value="3600" />
</bean>
2、将messages.zh_CN.properties改为如下
info={0}去上学
name=zhangsan
3.修改测试程序,我们将参数改为MessageSourceResolvable类型,这个可以从高配置文件读取,如果没读取到可以使用默认
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { MessageSourceResolvable resolvable=new DefaultMessageSourceResolvable(new String[]{"name"},"lisi"); ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); String info1=context.getMessage("info", new MessageSourceResolvable[]{resolvable}, Locale.getDefault()); String info2=context.getMessage("info", new String[]{"张三"}, Locale.ENGLISH); String info3=context.getMessage("info", new MessageSourceResolvable[]{resolvable}, Locale.JAPAN); System.out.println("info1="+info1); System.out.println("info2="+info2); System.out.println("info3="+info3); } }
4、然后执行测试程序,结果为
info1=zhangsan去上学
info2=张三 go to school
info3=lisi hehehe
可以看到:
日文的已经转向系统默认设置
参数为MessageSourceResolvable可以从配置文件读取,也可以使用默认值(此方法用处不明,很少看到这么用的)